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Valoración catalítica de glicerol: síntesis de monoglicéridos

Authors: Ferretti, Cristián Alejandro;

Valoración catalítica de glicerol: síntesis de monoglicéridos

Abstract

En esta tesis se estudió la síntesis de monoglicéridos por transesterificación del oleato de metilo con glicerol (glicerólisis) mediante catálisis heterogénea empleando sólidos básicos y un reactor discontinuo multifásico. Se postularon diferentes catalizadores sólidos para la reacción en estudio, donde se destacaron entre ellos el óxido de magnesio, el cual produjo monoglicéridos con rendimientos del 73-77 % a temperaturas entre 493-523 K, empleando relaciones molares glicerol/oleato de metilo de entre 2-6 y una relación masa de catalizador/moles iniciales de oleato de metilo de 30 g/mol. La actividad y selectividad de los catalizadores ensayados fueron interpretados en términos de las propiedades estructurales y superficiales ácido-básicas de los mismos. En base a este análisis, los catalizadores más promisorios fueron aquellos que presentaron mayores propiedades básicas, tales como óxido de magnesio, óxido de ytrio o ceria. Se identificó además la naturaleza química de las especies superficiales responsables de la actividad catalítica del óxido de magnesio. Se postuló que la síntesis de monoglicéridos sobre óxido de magnesio es promovida por sitios básicos fuertes, tales como aniones oxígenos coordinativamente insaturados . Los rendimientos a monoglicéridos (77%) y las ventajas ambientales del proceso postulado en esta tesis son ampliamente superadores respecto del proceso comercial actual (40-60 %) que emplea catálisis homogénea.

In this thesis the synthesis of monoglycerides by transesterification of methyl oleate with glycerol (glycerolysis) by heterogeneous catalysis using basic solid and a multiface discount reactor was studied. Magnesium oxide stood out among the different solid catalysts postulated for this reaction. It produces monoglycerides with 73-77 % yield at temperatures between 493-523 K, using glycerol/methyl oleato molar relation between 2-6 and a catalyst weight/methyl oleate initial mol relation of 30 g/mol. The activity and selectivity were analyzed taking into account structural and superficial acid-basic properties of the catalysts. The best catalysts were those that presented major basic properties such as magnesium oxide, yttrium oxide and ceria. The chemical nature of the superficial species responsible for the magnesium oxide catalytic activity was investigated. It was postulated that the monoglycerides synthesis on magnesium oxide is promoted by strong basic sites, such as low-coordination anions. Monoglycerides yield (77%) and the environmental advantages of the process proposed in this thesis are much superior to the current commercial processes (40-60%) which use homogeneous catalysis.

Fil: Ferretti, Cristian Alejandro. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas

Agencia de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica

Universidad Nacional del Litoral

Country
Argentina
Related Organizations
Keywords

Glycerol, Glicerólisis, Ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos, Monoglicéridos, Óxido de magnesio, Glicerol, Catálisis básica, Monoglycerides, Base catalysis, Fatty acid methyl ester, Glycerolisis, Magnesium oxide

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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