
Vegetation and removal efficiency were studied in a pilot-scale (6m x 3m x 0.4m) and a definitive (40m x 50m x 0.5m) constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial and sewage effluents from the metallurgic industry Bahco Argentina S. A. The influent had Cr, Ni and Zn and high conductivity and pH. The pilot-scale wetland showed an efficient removal of all the variables measured, except soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP) and ammonium. The floating macrophytes showed an initial growth but they disappeared later. According to the results obtained in the pH, conductivity and metal toxicity experiments, it was concluded that the influent conductivity and pH were toxic for the floating species. Typha domingensis showed a higher biomass than that of a natural wetland. The definitive wetland removed efficiently all the contaminants except bicarbonate, SRP and ammonium. Anoxic conditions were registered in several samplings. Three macrophyte dominance stages were identified. The first stage was represented by Eichhornia crassipes, the second one by E. crassipes and T. domingensis, and the third one by T. domingensis. With exception of SRP and ammonium, no significant differences in the removals were registered among the stages. In the E. crassipes stage metals were retained by vegetation because of anoxic conditions. In the other dominance stages, the contaminant removal was carried out by vegetation but principally by sediment in relation with the rizosphere oxygenation. T. domingensis showed a positive growth being the best alternative to be used in treatment systems with high conductivity and pH.
Se estudió la vegetación y la eficiencia de remoción de humedales construidos a escala piloto (6m x 3m x 0,4m) y definitiva (40m x 50m x 0,5m) para la depuración del efluente industrial y cloacal de la industria metalúrgica Bahco Argentina S. A. El afluente tenía Cr, Ni, Zn y elevada conductividad y pH. El humedal piloto removió eficientemente todos los parámetros excepto el fósforo reactivo soluble (PRS) y amonio. Las macrófitas flotantes crecieron inicialmente pero luego desaparecieron. Se realizaron experimentos de toxicidad al pH, salinidad y metales concluyendo que la salinidad y el pH del afluente fueron tóxicos para las especies flotantes. Typha domingensis alcanzó una biomasa mayor que en un ambiente natural. El humedal definitivo removió eficientemente todos los contaminantes excepto el PRS, bicarbonato y amonio, registrándose anoxia en muchos muestreos. Se identificó una primer etapa de dominancia de vegetación representada por Eichhornia crassipes, la segunda, por E. crassipes y T. domingensis, y la tercera, por T. domingensis. No existieron diferencias significativas entre las etapas en los porcentajes de remoción, excepto para el PRS y amonio. Durante la dominancia de E. crassipes, los metales fueron retenidos por la vegetación debido a las condiciones de anoxia. Durante la dominancia mixta y de T. domingensis, la remoción la realizó la vegetación y sedimentos, aunque principalmente éstos últimos, en relación con la oxigenación de la rizósfera. Debido a que T. domingensis creció hasta el final del estudio, es la mejor alternativa para sistemas de tratamiento de alta salinidad y pH.
Fil: Hadad, Hernán Ricardo. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina.
Constructed wetlands, constructed wetlands, Humedales, metals, Nutrients, metales, macrophytes, Macrófitas, nutrientes, Macrophytes, nutrients, Metals, humedales, Metales, macrófitas, Nutrientes
Constructed wetlands, constructed wetlands, Humedales, metals, Nutrients, metales, macrophytes, Macrófitas, nutrientes, Macrophytes, nutrients, Metals, humedales, Metales, macrófitas, Nutrientes
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