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Análisis bioético del impacto social de las acciones eugenésicas: ¿ampliando la inequidad social?

Authors: Cobos, Delma Alejandra;

Análisis bioético del impacto social de las acciones eugenésicas: ¿ampliando la inequidad social?

Abstract

Eugenesia se refiere al estudio y aplicación de las leyes de la herencia para el perfeccionamiento de la especie humana. En la esfera doctrinaria, estudia los medios de control social que pueden beneficiar o perjudicar las cualidades raciales. De acuerdo con su objetivo, se clasifica en eugenesia negativa, aquella que busca anular los defectos genéticos y evita la transmisión de patologías heredables y, eugenesia positiva, la que tiene como objetivo seleccionar los rasgos beneficiosos de una especie. Históricamente, la eugenesia se ha ejercido con fines de dominación y, con mayor intensidad, posterior a crisis sociales y económicas. Desde fines del siglo XX y en lo transcurrido del XXI, surge una nueva forma de eugenesia, la genética, representada por tres grandes hitos: el nacimiento de la primera bebé de probeta, la secuenciación completa del genoma humano y la edición del genoma humano, con la técnica CRISPR/Cas. Así, mientras algunas personas acceden a las técnicas de fertilización asistida, ya sea, con fines terapéuticos o perfectivos, teniendo hijos/as genéticamente saludables y, generalmente en condiciones económicas de ofrecerles una adecuada alimentación y educación; otras mujeres cursan sus embarazos y tienen sus hijos/as en extremas condiciones de pobreza; ampliando, aún más, la inequidad social. Los comités de bioética, junto a las legislaciones y tratados internacionales referidos a la protección del genoma humano, deben poner freno al avance de las ambiciones del capitalismo representadas por el biotecnopoder, si no podemos llegar en el futuro a formar parte de un mundo organizado genéticamente en castas sociales.

Eugenics refers to the study and application of the laws of heredity for the improvement of the human species. In the doctrinal sphere, it studies the means of social control that can benefit or harm racial qualities. According to its objective, it is classified as negative eugenics, which seeks to eliminate genetic defects and prevent the transmission of heritable disorders, and positive eugenics, which aims to select the beneficial traits of a species. Historically, eugenics has been exercised for domination purposes, with greater intensity after social and economic crises. Since the late XX century and into the XXI, a new form of eugenics has emerged, genetics, represented by three major milestones: the birth of the first test-tube baby, the complete sequencing of the human genome, and the editing of the human genome using the CRISPR/Cas technique. Thus, while some people have access to assisted fertilization techniques, either for therapeutic or improvement purposes, having genetically healthy children and usually in good economic conditions to provide them with adequate food and education; other women carry out their pregnancies and have their children in extreme conditions of poverty; widening social inequality even more. Bioethics committees, together with international laws and treaties related to the protection of the human genome, must put a stop to the advance of capitalism's ambitions represented by biotechnological advances. Otherwise, we might in de future become part of a world genetically organized in social castes

Tesis - Maestría en Bioética - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Secretaría de Graduados en Ciencias de la Salud, 2022

Fil: Cobos, Delma Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.

2024-04-21

Country
Argentina
Keywords

Cambio social, Discusiones bioéticas, Eugenesia, Bioética

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green