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Caracterización de hongos implicados en el proceso de compostaje

Authors: Belmonte García, Juan Pedro;

Caracterización de hongos implicados en el proceso de compostaje

Abstract

Los elementos claves del proceso de compostaje son los microorganismos que transforman la materia orgánica hasta dar lugar a un material útil como sustrato orgánico para agricultura. En este Trabajo Fin de Master se analizó fenotípicamente (macroscópica y microscópicamente) una colección de 263 hongos aislados a partir de residuos vegetales hortícolas sometidos a compostaje, en cada una de las fases críticas que caracterizan el proceso. Adicionalmente se identificaron dichos hongos mediante técnicas moleculares. Para su caracterización fenotípica, los hongos se sembraron en tres medios de cultivo, PDA, rosa de bengala (RB) y agar extracto de malta (AEM). Tras siete días de incubación, se obtuvieron fotografías de cada hongo y se realizó una preparación al microscopio óptico. Los hongos pertenecieron mayoritariamente al phylum Ascomycota, y los géneros más comunes fueron Aspergillus, Fusarium y Gibellulopsis. La diversidad fúngica del proceso fue similar a la descrita en procesos que utilizan otros materiales, técnicas de compostaje, escala o localización geográfica y que emplean métodos de detección que implican cultivo. Esta actividad ha permitido obtener un catálogo de hongos cultivables asociados al compostaje facilitando además su mantenimiento

The key elements during composting are the microorganisms that biotransform organic matter into a useful organic substrate for agricultural applications. The aim of this work was to analyze the phenotype (macroscopic and microscopic) of 263 fungi isolated from composting piles of horticultural wastes at different stages of the process. In addition, the fungi were identified by using molecular techniques. For phenotypic characterization, the fungi were cultured in three media; PDA, Rose Bengal (RB) and agar malt extract (AEM). After incubation for 7 days, a picture was taken from each fungi and an optical microscopic preparation was also obtained. The fungi mostly belonged to phylum Ascomycota, and the more common genera were Aspergillus, Fusarium and Gibellulopsis. Fungal diversity was similar to that reported for other composting processes using different raw materials, composting techniques, scale or geographic location but using culture-dependent methods. This work allowed to phenotypically catalogue the culturable fungi from composting. This tool is useful for its proper maintenance

Keywords

:6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola [CDU], Residuos orgánicos, CDU::6 - Ciencias aplicadas::63 - Agricultura. Silvicultura. Zootecnia. Caza. Pesca::631 - Agricultura. Agronomía. Maquinaria agrícola. Suelos. Edafología agrícola, Hongos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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