
handle: 10986/27770 , 10986/27257
Liberia's 14-year civil war left much of the country's infrastructure shambles. The country's 170 megawatt power generation capacity and national grid were completely destroyed. In Monrovia, just 0.1 percent of households had access to electricity. According to the 2008 National Census, access to piped water fell from 15 percent of the population in 1986 to less than 3 percent in 2008. The national road network was left in severe disrepair. Peace brought many positive developments. The Freeport of Monrovia is now privately managed and has resumed normal operations. Essential rehabilitation work has been carried out, and the port's performance now matches that of neighboring ports along the West African coast. Liberia has also successfully liberalized its mobile telephone markets, with access surging to 40 percent in 2009, at some of the lowest prices in Africa. Despite the potential for private investment, Liberia will likely need more than a decade to reach the illustrative infrastructure targets outlined in this report. Under business-as-usual assumptions for spending and efficiency, it would take at least 40 years for Liberia to reach these goals. Yet with a combination of increased finance, improved efficiency, and cost-reducing innovations, it should be possible to significantly reduce that time.
AIRPORT, CUSTOMS, WATER CONSUMPTION, POWER CONSUMPTION, CARGO HANDLING, GROWTH RATES, NATIONAL TRANSPORT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, APPROACH, CONGESTION, RAILWAYS, ROAD, RAIL SERVICE, BOTTLENECKS, ROUTES, GENERATORS, EMPLOYMENT, CARS, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER, AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR, DISTRIBUTION ASSETS, PRICE OF WATER, CUSTOMER TARIFF, CARGO HANDLING OPERATIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING, MUNICIPALITIES, ELECTRIFICATION, CONCESSION, POWER GENERATION CAPACITY, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, CONTAINER TERMINAL, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, RAILWAY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, BACK-UP, INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING, TRANSPORT SECTOR, GAS, PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, O&M, GENERATION CAPACITY, WATER TARIFFS, AVIATION INDUSTRY, WHOLESALE PRICES, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, REVENUE COLLECTION, HYDROPOWER, CABLE, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, AVAILABILITY OF DATA, CARGO HANDLING CHARGE, RAILWAY LINE, GLOBAL STANDARDS, PURCHASING POWER, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, FARES, HOUSEHOLD ACCESS, ARTISANS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, AIRPORT AUTHORITY, INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, SANITATION UTILITIES, TRAFFIC GROWTH, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT QUALITY, FUEL OIL, RAIL, MOBILE NETWORKS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, SERVICE RELIABILITY, PRIVATE CAPITAL, URBAN GROWTH, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COPYRIGHT, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, TRUE, AIRPORTS, COST RECOVERY, LOCOMOTIVE, NATIONAL RAIL NETWORK, RAIL NETWORKS, PENETRATION RATES, INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING, WEALTH, ISPS, TURNAROUND TIME, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, SURFACE ACCESS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, BIOMASS, LANDLORD PORTS, BEST-PRACTICE, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, ROADS, RESULT, TELEPHONE NETWORK, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR, AIR, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, ROAD USER, FINANCIAL VIABILITY, CREDITWORTHINESS, WEB, INTERCITY PASSENGER, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC FLOW, PRICE OF POWER, INTERNATIONAL AVIATION, EQUIPMENT, TERMINAL CONCESSIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, POWER COSTS, COSTS OF POWER, URBAN ROADS, ECONOMIC VALUE, TRANSMISSION, POWER, POWER TRADE, REGIONAL NETWORK, MOBILE PHONE, ECONOMIC VIABILITY, CARGO, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, PUBLIC FINANCE, BUDGET EXECUTION, BUYER, ROAD USER CHARGES, MARKET SHARE, WATER SERVICE, PUBLIC, FREIGHT MOVEMENTS, FREIGHT, HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS, RURAL ACCESS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, INSTALLATION, ARTERY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, HEAVY FUEL OIL, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, TRUCKS, RESULTS, ROAD MAINTENANCE, WATER UTILITIES, TRANSPORT INDUSTRY, PRIVATE OPERATORS, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, TRANSPORT, POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, WEB SITE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, POPULATION DENSITY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, UTILITY SERVICES, INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS, USER CHARGES, FINANCIAL FLOWS, TRAFFIC LEVELS, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, CONCESSIONS, PASSENGERS, BIOMASS GENERATION, TRANSPORT STRATEGY, PUBLIC SERVICE, TAX, BANDWIDTH, OPERATING EXPENSES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, CUSTOMER BASE, GENERATION ASSETS, PEAK DEMAND, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIES, PORT ACCESS, COMMODITY, AIRCRAFT, BACKBONES, BEST PRACTICE, TRANSPORT MARKET, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER DEMAND, UTILITY CUSTOMERS, AIRWAYS, SITES, SEAT CAPACITY, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PRODUCTIVITY, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, DIESEL, CARRIERS, LICENSES, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, GOVERNMENT BONDS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, PORT SERVICES, AIR SAFETY, BALANCE, PORT AUTHORITY, DEMAND FOR POWER, SHIPPING LINES, E-MAIL, USERS, 330, DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, AUTONOMOUS PORT, AIR TRAFFIC, ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE, FINANCIAL BURDEN, RETRENCHMENT, REGIONAL NETWORKS, ROAD USER CHARGING, SANITATION, END-USER, TRANSMISSION LINE, INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION, INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE, MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES, POWER GRID, SANITATION SECTOR, BUSES, LEVIES, CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS, MOBILE TELEPHONE, WATER SERVICES, NATURAL RESOURCE, ROAD NETWORK, DISTRIBUTION LOSSES, CERTIFICATE, POST-CONFLICT, MARKET CONCENTRATION, POWER SECTOR REFORM, PUBLIC SECTOR, DEBT, MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, ENTERPRISE SURVEYS, PROVISIONS, MOBILITY, UTILITY BILL, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, BACKBONE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, GENERATION, MONTHLY WATER BILL, TELEPHONE, TRUCK PROCESSING, TRANSPORT NETWORK, VSAT, ROAD NETWORKS, RAIL LINES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, NETWORK TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT SAFETY, FUEL, POWER SECTOR, ACCESSIBILITY, BRIDGE, TELEPHONE PENETRATION, ACTION PLAN, FATAL ACCIDENTS, CONNECTIVITY, DEFICITS, ROUTE, TRANSMISSION GRID, SANITATION SERVICES, KILOWATT-HOUR, URBAN ROAD, PUBLIC FUNDS, ROAD SECTOR, ACCOUNTING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, CAPITAL COSTS, OPEN ACCESS, BROADBAND, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, PUBLIC NETWORKS, BULK ELECTRICITY, TRAFFIC FLOWS, USER, ACCESS TO SERVICES, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, KILOWATT-HOURS, ADSL, VEHICLES, AIRPORT TERMINALS, PRIVATE SECTOR, DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, CONCESSIONAIRES, HUMAN RESOURCES, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT INDICATORS, TARIFFS FOR WATER, RURAL ROADS, TRAFFIC, PASSENGER TRAFFIC, INNOVATIONS, POWER GENERATION, POWER PURCHASE, UTILITIES, INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION, ROAD TRAFFIC, INVESTMENT TARGETS, MOBILE SERVICES, MATERIAL, URBAN TRANSPORT, AIR TRANSPORT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY, RADIO, AVAILABILITY, TELECOM, WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY, COST OF POWER, PORT AUTHORITIES, PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION, PORT CHARGES, DOMESTIC CAPITAL MARKETS, LANDLORD MODEL, NATURAL RESOURCES, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRAFFIC DENSITY, SAVINGS, UTILITY BILLS, PORTS, PUBLIC WORKS, QUERIES, ICT, TRANSPORT POLICY, RAIL OPERATOR, MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES, HUMAN RESOURCE, INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT, FUNCTIONALITY
AIRPORT, CUSTOMS, WATER CONSUMPTION, POWER CONSUMPTION, CARGO HANDLING, GROWTH RATES, NATIONAL TRANSPORT, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, APPROACH, CONGESTION, RAILWAYS, ROAD, RAIL SERVICE, BOTTLENECKS, ROUTES, GENERATORS, EMPLOYMENT, CARS, PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION, DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER, AIR TRANSPORT SECTOR, DISTRIBUTION ASSETS, PRICE OF WATER, CUSTOMER TARIFF, CARGO HANDLING OPERATIONS, INFRASTRUCTURE SPENDING, MUNICIPALITIES, ELECTRIFICATION, CONCESSION, POWER GENERATION CAPACITY, REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT, CONTAINER TERMINAL, INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, RAILWAY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, BACK-UP, INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING, TRANSPORT SECTOR, GAS, PUBLIC PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE, O&M, GENERATION CAPACITY, WATER TARIFFS, AVIATION INDUSTRY, WHOLESALE PRICES, PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, REVENUE COLLECTION, HYDROPOWER, CABLE, BUDGET ALLOCATIONS, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, AVAILABILITY OF DATA, CARGO HANDLING CHARGE, RAILWAY LINE, GLOBAL STANDARDS, PURCHASING POWER, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, FARES, HOUSEHOLD ACCESS, ARTISANS, PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE, AIRPORT AUTHORITY, INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, SANITATION UTILITIES, TRAFFIC GROWTH, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT QUALITY, FUEL OIL, RAIL, MOBILE NETWORKS, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, SERVICE RELIABILITY, PRIVATE CAPITAL, URBAN GROWTH, COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES, COPYRIGHT, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, TRUE, AIRPORTS, COST RECOVERY, LOCOMOTIVE, NATIONAL RAIL NETWORK, RAIL NETWORKS, PENETRATION RATES, INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING, WEALTH, ISPS, TURNAROUND TIME, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, SURFACE ACCESS, UNIVERSAL ACCESS, BIOMASS, LANDLORD PORTS, BEST-PRACTICE, TRAFFIC VOLUMES, ROADS, RESULT, TELEPHONE NETWORK, ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE, INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR, AIR, BARRIERS TO ENTRY, ROAD USER, FINANCIAL VIABILITY, CREDITWORTHINESS, WEB, INTERCITY PASSENGER, MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, TRAFFIC FLOW, PRICE OF POWER, INTERNATIONAL AVIATION, EQUIPMENT, TERMINAL CONCESSIONS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, POWER COSTS, COSTS OF POWER, URBAN ROADS, ECONOMIC VALUE, TRANSMISSION, POWER, POWER TRADE, REGIONAL NETWORK, MOBILE PHONE, ECONOMIC VIABILITY, CARGO, INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, PUBLIC FINANCE, BUDGET EXECUTION, BUYER, ROAD USER CHARGES, MARKET SHARE, WATER SERVICE, PUBLIC, FREIGHT MOVEMENTS, FREIGHT, HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS, RURAL ACCESS, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICES, INSTALLATION, ARTERY, FOREIGN INVESTMENT, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE, HEAVY FUEL OIL, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, TRUCKS, RESULTS, ROAD MAINTENANCE, WATER UTILITIES, TRANSPORT INDUSTRY, PRIVATE OPERATORS, COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, TRANSPORT, POWER SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, WEB SITE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, CAPITAL EXPENDITURE, POPULATION DENSITY, PUBLIC EXPENDITURE, UTILITY SERVICES, INFRASTRUCTURE ASSETS, USER CHARGES, FINANCIAL FLOWS, TRAFFIC LEVELS, INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS, CONCESSIONS, PASSENGERS, BIOMASS GENERATION, TRANSPORT STRATEGY, PUBLIC SERVICE, TAX, BANDWIDTH, OPERATING EXPENSES, ECONOMIC GROWTH, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENT, CUSTOMER BASE, GENERATION ASSETS, PEAK DEMAND, PRIVATE INVESTMENTS, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCIES, PORT ACCESS, COMMODITY, AIRCRAFT, BACKBONES, BEST PRACTICE, TRANSPORT MARKET, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER DEMAND, UTILITY CUSTOMERS, AIRWAYS, SITES, SEAT CAPACITY, PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PRODUCTIVITY, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, ELECTRICITY TARIFFS, DIESEL, CARRIERS, LICENSES, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, GOVERNMENT BONDS, TECHNICAL SUPPORT, PORT SERVICES, AIR SAFETY, BALANCE, PORT AUTHORITY, DEMAND FOR POWER, SHIPPING LINES, E-MAIL, USERS, 330, DISTRIBUTION COMPANIES, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, AUTONOMOUS PORT, AIR TRAFFIC, ASYMMETRIC DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE, FINANCIAL BURDEN, RETRENCHMENT, REGIONAL NETWORKS, ROAD USER CHARGING, SANITATION, END-USER, TRANSMISSION LINE, INFRASTRUCTURE PROVISION, INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE, MAINTENANCE EXPENDITURES, POWER GRID, SANITATION SECTOR, BUSES, LEVIES, CONCESSION ARRANGEMENTS, MOBILE TELEPHONE, WATER SERVICES, NATURAL RESOURCE, ROAD NETWORK, DISTRIBUTION LOSSES, CERTIFICATE, POST-CONFLICT, MARKET CONCENTRATION, POWER SECTOR REFORM, PUBLIC SECTOR, DEBT, MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS, ENTERPRISE SURVEYS, PROVISIONS, MOBILITY, UTILITY BILL, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, BACKBONE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, GENERATION, MONTHLY WATER BILL, TELEPHONE, TRUCK PROCESSING, TRANSPORT NETWORK, VSAT, ROAD NETWORKS, RAIL LINES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, NETWORK TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT SAFETY, FUEL, POWER SECTOR, ACCESSIBILITY, BRIDGE, TELEPHONE PENETRATION, ACTION PLAN, FATAL ACCIDENTS, CONNECTIVITY, DEFICITS, ROUTE, TRANSMISSION GRID, SANITATION SERVICES, KILOWATT-HOUR, URBAN ROAD, PUBLIC FUNDS, ROAD SECTOR, ACCOUNTING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, CAPITAL COSTS, OPEN ACCESS, BROADBAND, TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM, PUBLIC NETWORKS, BULK ELECTRICITY, TRAFFIC FLOWS, USER, ACCESS TO SERVICES, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS, DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, KILOWATT-HOURS, ADSL, VEHICLES, AIRPORT TERMINALS, PRIVATE SECTOR, DOMESTIC AIR TRANSPORT, SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS, CONCESSIONAIRES, HUMAN RESOURCES, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT INDICATORS, TARIFFS FOR WATER, RURAL ROADS, TRAFFIC, PASSENGER TRAFFIC, INNOVATIONS, POWER GENERATION, POWER PURCHASE, UTILITIES, INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION, ROAD TRAFFIC, INVESTMENT TARGETS, MOBILE SERVICES, MATERIAL, URBAN TRANSPORT, AIR TRANSPORT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY, RADIO, AVAILABILITY, TELECOM, WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY, COST OF POWER, PORT AUTHORITIES, PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION, PORT CHARGES, DOMESTIC CAPITAL MARKETS, LANDLORD MODEL, NATURAL RESOURCES, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, TRAFFIC DENSITY, SAVINGS, UTILITY BILLS, PORTS, PUBLIC WORKS, QUERIES, ICT, TRANSPORT POLICY, RAIL OPERATOR, MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES, HUMAN RESOURCE, INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT, FUNCTIONALITY
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
