Export Diversification in Africa
Export Diversification in Africa
Economic activity in many African countries remains highly concentrated and exports are often dominated by mineral resources or a few primary products. The World Bank’s 2011 report on light manufacturing in Africa identified poor trade logistics performance as a constraint that especially penalized African exporters that relied on imported inputs, very often making them uncompetitive. The report highlighted research that demonstrated how poor logistics added roughly a 10 percent production cost penalty in Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zambia across the five subsectors of light manufacturing where opportunities were identified as greatest in Africa. The report outlined how in Africa poor trade logistics increase production costs (often wiping out the labor cost advantage) and lead to long and unreliable delivery times, making local firm’s unattractive suppliers to lead firms in global value chains (GVCs), particularly for light manufacturing. This note seeks to contribute to a review of progress in achieving export diversification through greater exports of light manufacturing products. It looks at recent trends in the exports of the five categories of light manufacturing identified as having strong potential in Africa. The note reviews progress in improving trade logistics in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a focus on the three countries highlighted in the light manufacturing study: Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Zambia, and additionally Kenya and Uganda.
- World Bank United States
CUSTOMS, EXPORT PATTERNS, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, INVESTMENT, VALUATION, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, LOGISTICS CHAIN, SOURCING, COMMODITIES, TARIFF BARRIERS, SHIPPING AGENTS, COMMODITY, EXPORT MARKETS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, CUSTOMS BROKERS, DOMESTIC MARKET, FOOD EXPORTS, TRADE LOGISTICS, FORWARDING, OUTCOMES, FREIGHT FORWARDING, COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE PERFORMANCE, AGREEMENT ON TRADE, TRADE PREFERENCES, TRADE FACILITATION, INCENTIVES, CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES, PRODUCTION COSTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS, IMPACT OF TRADE, GOODS, TRADE DATA, FINAL GOODS, ACCESS, TRADE POLICY, STORAGE, TRANSPARENCY, 330, CARGO DWELL TIME, TARIFF, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, CABOTAGE, MARKETS, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, EXPORTERS, DEVELOPMENT, TRANSIT CORRIDORS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, QUALITY, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE POSITION, PRODUCTION, APPAREL, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, TRADE INTEGRATION, DELIVERY TIMES, INFLUENCE, APPAREL INDUSTRY, TRENDS, BORDER TRADE, TRADE, CONTAINER SHIPS, SUPPLY, POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM, COSTS, AUTONOMY, AGRICULTURE, DIVIDENDS, PRICE CONTROLS, LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES, CONSUMERS, TRANSIT, COMPETITIVE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, WTO, GDP, SHIPPING COMPANIES, CONTAINERS, MANUFACTURING, REGIONAL TRADE, TRADE REFORM, POLITICAL ECONOMY, LOGISTICS COSTS, FOREIGN SUPPLIERS, TAXATION, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, FREIGHT FORWARDERS, VALUE, EXPORTS, FOREIGN MARKETS, GLOBAL TRADE, AVERAGE TRADE, SHIPPING, METAL PRODUCTS, TARIFFS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, LINER SHIPPING, AIRLINES, TONNAGE, TARIFF PREFERENCES, INEFFICIENCY, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRADE INDICATORS, 650, CARGO, AIR CARGO, IMPORTS, SHIPS, DELIVERY, SUPPLY CHAINS, GLOBAL MARKETS, TRADE COSTS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRADE PARTNERS, FREIGHT, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, LABOR, EXPORT SECTORS, AIR TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, TRUCKS, INPUTS, LOGISTICS, TRADE EXPANSION, PORTS, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, BENCHMARKING
CUSTOMS, EXPORT PATTERNS, CUSTOMS PROCEDURES, INVESTMENT, VALUATION, INTERMEDIATE INPUTS, LOGISTICS CHAIN, SOURCING, COMMODITIES, TARIFF BARRIERS, SHIPPING AGENTS, COMMODITY, EXPORT MARKETS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, CUSTOMS BROKERS, DOMESTIC MARKET, FOOD EXPORTS, TRADE LOGISTICS, FORWARDING, OUTCOMES, FREIGHT FORWARDING, COMPETITIVENESS, TRADE PERFORMANCE, AGREEMENT ON TRADE, TRADE PREFERENCES, TRADE FACILITATION, INCENTIVES, CUSTOMS AUTHORITIES, PRODUCTION COSTS, PER CAPITA INCOME, MUTUAL RECOGNITION OF STANDARDS, IMPACT OF TRADE, GOODS, TRADE DATA, FINAL GOODS, ACCESS, TRADE POLICY, STORAGE, TRANSPARENCY, 330, CARGO DWELL TIME, TARIFF, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, CABOTAGE, MARKETS, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, EXPORTERS, DEVELOPMENT, TRANSIT CORRIDORS, INTERNATIONAL MARKETS, QUALITY, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES, COMPETITIVE POSITION, PRODUCTION, APPAREL, MUTUAL RECOGNITION, TRADE INTEGRATION, DELIVERY TIMES, INFLUENCE, APPAREL INDUSTRY, TRENDS, BORDER TRADE, TRADE, CONTAINER SHIPS, SUPPLY, POLITICAL ECONOMY OF REFORM, COSTS, AUTONOMY, AGRICULTURE, DIVIDENDS, PRICE CONTROLS, LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES, CONSUMERS, TRANSIT, COMPETITIVE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, WTO, GDP, SHIPPING COMPANIES, CONTAINERS, MANUFACTURING, REGIONAL TRADE, TRADE REFORM, POLITICAL ECONOMY, LOGISTICS COSTS, FOREIGN SUPPLIERS, TAXATION, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENTS, EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION, FREIGHT FORWARDERS, VALUE, EXPORTS, FOREIGN MARKETS, GLOBAL TRADE, AVERAGE TRADE, SHIPPING, METAL PRODUCTS, TARIFFS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, PREFERENTIAL ACCESS, LINER SHIPPING, AIRLINES, TONNAGE, TARIFF PREFERENCES, INEFFICIENCY, PORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRADE INDICATORS, 650, CARGO, AIR CARGO, IMPORTS, SHIPS, DELIVERY, SUPPLY CHAINS, GLOBAL MARKETS, TRADE COSTS, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRADE PARTNERS, FREIGHT, PREFERENTIAL TRADE, FOREIGN OWNERSHIP, LABOR, EXPORT SECTORS, AIR TRANSPORT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, TRUCKS, INPUTS, LOGISTICS, TRADE EXPANSION, PORTS, SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT, BENCHMARKING
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