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handle: 10902/26883
RESUMEN: El pronóstico del cambio climático ha impulsado la innovación de nuevos métodos de actividad económica menos perjudiciales para el futuro. Desde las grandes instituciones de la Unión Europea o desde el Gobierno de España se han emitido una serie de políticas y objetivos para desacelerar las consecuencias del deterioro del medio ambiente. La actividad económica mundial ha sido la responsable de estas externalidades negativas. Por todo ello, la búsqueda de propuestas para minimizar estos efectos es prioritaria. El empleo de energías renovables o de métodos productivos menos contaminantes son una prometedora solución que nos permita continuar el desarrollo económico sin generar mayores consecuencias al planeta. En el trabajo se han estudiado los parques eólicos offshore y el transporte marítimo de corta distancia como alternativas para una internalización de las externalidades negativas. La energía eólica offshore todavía esta en desarrollo en España, aun así se ha observado que los proyectos flotantes son una gran propuesta para el país. Por otra parte, la evolución del transporte marítimo de corta distancia es positiva y se han obtenido resultados ventajosos tanto para los valores de los costes como para las emisiones emitidas respecto al transporte por carretera. Ambas propuestas han demostrado ser posibles soluciones para la internalización de externalidades negativas hacia el medio ambiente.
ABSTRACT: In order to find less environmentally harmful economic activities, innovations have been developed on the subject of climate change forecasts. Main institutions, such as the European Union or the Spanish Government have been recently dictating a series of modern policies in pursuance of decelerating the negative effects of climate change in our environment. World economic activities are responsible of these negative externalities. In this regard, finding alternatives which are able to minimize the negative implications of climate change is key. Renewable energies and less pollutant modes of production seem to be a promising solution which could enable the economic development to a clean growth, without further consequences to the planet. In this study, offshore wind farms have been studied along with short sea shipping as alternatives which could internalize the negative externalities. Offshore wind energy is still developing in Spain. However floating wind energy projects are a great proposal for the country. On the other hand, evolution of short sea shipping has been positive, and the turnout has been positive for both the costs and the emissions compared to road transport. Overall, both alternatives have been proven to be possible solutions to internalize the negative externalities and to protect the environment.
Grado en Economía
Externalidades, Cambio climático, Medio ambiente, Transporte marítimo de corta distancia, Energía eólica
Externalidades, Cambio climático, Medio ambiente, Transporte marítimo de corta distancia, Energía eólica
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