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UCrea
Article . 2012
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Funcionalismo y relativismo cultural: la cuestión de la antropología aplicada

Functionalism and Cultural Relativism: the case of applied anthropology
Authors: Gómez Pellón, José Eloy;

Funcionalismo y relativismo cultural: la cuestión de la antropología aplicada

Abstract

RESUMEN: La difícil separación entre una antropología aplicable y otra aplicada ha inhibido el debate acerca del momento preciso de la emergencia de esta última. El contexto colonial de la indirect rule, en consonancia con una antropología de orientación funcionalista, parece ser la clave del nacimiento de la antropología práctica en el Reino Unido en los años veinte del siglo pasado, aprovechando el marco institucional que brindaba el 'International Institute of African Languages and Cultures' (1926). En los Estados Unidos, la política del New Deal, en su versión indigenista, y la existencia de instituciones como la 'Office of Indian Affairs', en un ambiente relativista, habrían creado a partir de 1933 las condiciones para el surgimiento de la antropología aplicada, fortalecida posteriormente a través de la 'Society for Applied Anthropology' (1941). Sin embargo, tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial, primero en el Reino Unido y después en los Estados Unidos, la antropología práctica o aplicada decaerá entrando finalmente en crisis.

ABSTRACT: The difficult separation between an applicable Anthropology and an applied one has inhibited the debate on the precise moment of the emergent of the last. The colonial context of the indirect rule, linked to a functionalist-oriented Anthropology, seems to be the key of the beginning of a practical Anthropology in the United Kingdom during the twenties in the last century, taking advantage of the institutional framework offered by the 'International Institute of African Languages and Cultures' (1926). In the United States, the policy of the New Deal in its aboriginal version, and the existence of institutions like the 'Office of Indian Affairs', in a relativist atmosphere, both possibly created after 1933 the conditions for the emergence of Applied Anthropology, later reinforced by the 'Society for Applied Anthropology' (1941). However, after World War II, first in the United Kingdom and then in the United States, practical or applied Anthropology declines, finally falling into crisis.

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Spain
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Keywords

Applied Anthropology, Ethnocentrism, Antropología Aplicada, Relativismo Cultural, Practical Anthropology, Functionalism, Antropología Práctica, Funcionalismo, Etnocentrismo, Cultural Relativism

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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