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Doctoral thesis . 2020
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Efecto Stroop de Memoria de Trabajo bajo diferentes condiciones de estimulación auditiva

Authors: Ciotlaus, María Luisa;

Efecto Stroop de Memoria de Trabajo bajo diferentes condiciones de estimulación auditiva

Abstract

La presente investigación pretende aportar pruebas de que la Memoria de Trabajo (MT) y la Atención selectiva comparten procesos cognitivos. Para ello, diseñamos una versión de la tarea Stroop en la que los participantes deben retener en su MT una palabra que denota un color, y responder posteriormente al color de un parche, que puede ser el mismo color (congruente) o un color diferente (incongruente) al de la palabra memorizada. Asimismo, exploramos si dicho efecto Stroop de MT podría ser modulado por el hecho de estar expuestos a diferentes tipos de sonido de fondo (sin sonido, sonido de naturaleza, sonido de ciudad). Finalmente, también investigamos si el efecto podía ser modulado también por diferencias individuales en las capacidades de control ejecutivo de los participantes. Por ello y previo a la tarea Stroop, los participantes realizaron dos tareas adicionales que evalúan la capacidad de MT visual (Localización del Cambio) y una tarea de control atencional inhibitorio (Antisacada). Los resultados mostraron que los participantes eran significativamente más lentos en la condición incongruente que en la condición congruente, por lo que se demuestra la existencia del efecto Stroop de MT. Este efecto de interferencia era significativo cuando los participantes no oían ningún sonido, y aún de mayor magnitud cuando escuchaban sonidos de ciudad. Sin embargo, cuando escuchaban sonidos de la naturaleza, dicho efecto de interferencia Stroop se eliminaba. Este patrón diferencial de efectos de MT Stroop que encontramos en función del tipo de sonido, no resultó modulado por diferencias individuales en las capacidades de control ejecutivo de los participantes. This research aims to provide empirical evidence that Working Memory (WM) and Selective Attention share cognitive processes. To this end, we designed a version of the Stroop´s task in which the participants must retain in their WM a word that denotes a color, and then respond to the color of a patch, which may be either the same color (congruent) or a different color (incongruent) from that of the memorized word. We also explored whether this WM Stroop effect could be modified by the fact of being exposed to different types of background sounds (no sound, nature sounds, city sounds). Lastly, we investigated whether the WM Stroop effect could also be modulated by individual differences in executive control capacities. To this end and prior to the Stroop task, participants performed two additional tasks that assess their visual WM capacity (Change Localization) and inhibitory attentional control (Antisaccade). The results showed that participants were significantly slower in the incongruent condition than in the congruent condition, thus demonstrating the existence of the WM Stroop effect. This Stroop interference effect was significant when participants did not hear any sound, and even of a greater magnitude when they heard city sounds. However, when participants heard sounds from nature, this Stroop interference effect was completely eliminated. This differential pattern of WM Stroop effects as a function of the type of sound, was not modulated by individual differences in participants’ executive control capacities.

Country
Spain
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Keywords

Efecto Stroop, Memoria de trabajo, Atención selectiva, Trabajo Fin de Grado de la Universidad de Almería

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green