Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Electronic Journal o...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
zbMATH Open
Article . 2018
Data sources: zbMATH Open
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
PubliCatt
Article . 2018
Data sources: PubliCatt
versions View all 3 versions
addClaim

On the second eigenvalue of nonlinear eigenvalue problems

Authors: DEGIOVANNI M.; MARZOCCHI M.;

On the second eigenvalue of nonlinear eigenvalue problems

Abstract

We begin by defining a list of essential mathematics tools extracted from the article, then we state the main result. Let \((M,d)\) be a metric space equipped with the distance \(d\), \(B_\delta(u)\) be an open ball of center \(u\in M\) and of radius \(\delta>0\). For \(f\) a real-valued function on \(M\), we denote by \(|df|(u)\) the supremum of the \(\sigma\)'s in \(\mathbb R_+\) such that there is \(\mathcal{H}\), a \(M\)-valued continuous map on \(B_\delta(u)\times [0,\delta]\) satisfying \(d(\mathcal{H}(u,t),t)\leq t\) and \(f(\mathcal{H}(u,t))\leq f(v)-\sigma t\), for every \(v\in B_\delta(u)\) and \(t\in [0,\delta]\). Let \(u\in M\) and \(c\in\mathbb R\) such that \(f(u)=c\), if \(|df(u)|=0\), then we say that \(u\) is a critical point of \(f\) and \(c\) is a critical value of \(f\). We say that \(f\) satisfies the Palais-Smale condition at level \(c\) if for any sequence \((u_k)_{k\in\mathbb N}\) in \(M\) satisfying \(\lim_{k\to\infty}f(u_k)=c\) and \(\lim_{k\to\infty}(|df|(u_k))=0\) has a convergent subsequent in \(M\). We say that \(f\) satisfies the Cerami-Palais-Smale condition if for every sequence \((u_k)_{k\in\mathbb N}\) in \(M\) satisfying \(\lim_{k\to\infty}f(u_k)=c\) and \(\lim_{k\in\infty}((1+d(u_k,\hat{u}))|df|(u_k))=0\) has a convergent subsequent in \(M\) where \(\hat{u}\) belongs to \(M\). Let \(\psi\) be an isometry on \(M\), we say that \(f\) is \(\psi\)-invariant if \(f(\psi(u))=f(u)\) for \(u\in M\). We say that \(A\), a subset of \(M\), is \(\psi\)-invariant, when \(\psi(A)\subset A\) and Krasnoselskii-type genera are defined by \(\gamma(A)=\min\{k\geq 1:\text{there is a } \psi-\text{invariant and continuous map }\varphi:A\to\mathbb R^k\setminus\{0\}\}\) and \(\overline{\gamma}(A)=\sup\{k\geq 1:\text{there is a } \psi-\text{invariant and continuous map }\varphi:\mathbb R^k\setminus\{0\}\to A\}\). Let \(X\) be a real Banach space and \(f,g\) be real-valued positive even continuous functions on \(X\) and which are homogeneous of degree \(p>0\). We say that \(u\in X\) is an eigenvector if \(g(u)\neq 0\) and \(u\) is a critical point of \(f_{\restriction{M_u}}\) such that \(M_u=\{v\in X:g(v)=g(u)\}\) and \(\lambda=\frac{f(u)}{g(u)}\) is the eigenvalue associated to \(u\). We define \(\underline{\lambda }_k=\inf\{\max_Af:A\text{ is a compact and symmetric subset of }M\text{ with }\gamma(A)\geq k\}\) and \(\overline{\lambda }_k=\inf\{\max_Af:A\text{ is a compact and symmetric subset of }M\text{ with }\overline{\gamma}(A)\geq k\}\). The mountain pass eigenvalue associated to \(u\in M\) is defined by \(\lambda_{mp}(u)=\inf_{\varphi\in \Phi}\max_{t\in[-1,1]}f(\varphi(t))\) such that \(\Phi\) is a nonempty set of continuous maps \(\varphi:[-1,1]\to M\) such that \(\varphi(-1)=-u\) and \(\varphi(1)=u\). Consequently, the main result states that \(\lambda_{mp}(u)=\underline{\lambda}_2=\overline{\lambda}_2\) whenever \(u\) is an eigenvector with eigenvalue \(\lambda_1\), see Theorem 4.4. The proof is split into two parts, the first one focuses when \(\lambda_1\) is a simple eigenvalue, i.e., is not associated with two linearly independent eigenvectors, and the second one concentrates when \(\lambda_1\) is not simple.

Country
Italy
Keywords

Nonlinear eigenvalue problems, Nonlinear boundary value problems for nonlinear elliptic equations, Spectral problems; spectral geometry; scattering theory on manifolds, QA1-939, variational methods, quasilinear elliptic equations, Abstract critical point theory (Morse theory, Lyusternik-Shnirel'man theory, etc.) in infinite-dimensional spaces, nonlinear eigenvalue problems, Nonlinear eigenvalue problems, variational methods, quasilinear elliptic equations, Mathematics

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
gold