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Problemas ambientales, homeostasis, particionamiento y requerimientos de fosforo en ganado de leche

Authors: Elizondo Salazar, Jorge Alberto;

Problemas ambientales, homeostasis, particionamiento y requerimientos de fosforo en ganado de leche

Abstract

El fósforo es esencial para todos los organismos vivos y es uno de los principales nutrientes para el crecimiento animal. Preocupaciones concernientes con el ambiente y diversas propuestas ambientales que regulan el manejo de nutrientes, han renovado el interés en la cantidad de P que debe ser alimentado a las vacas lecheras, ya que alimentar P en exceso aumenta su excreción, lo que conlleva a desequilibrios ecológicos. Reducir el contenido de P en la dieta para minimizar su excreción es un enfoque fundamental y rentable que se puede lograr estimando con precisión los requerimientos de los animales. El NRC (2001) calcula el requerimiento de P para mantenimiento como 1,0 g/kg de materia seca (MS) más una cantidad insignificante para recuperar la pérdida de P urinario (0,002 g/kg de peso corporal). El requerimiento de P para lactancia se calcula como 0,9 g/kg de leche, sin importar el contenido de grasa o proteína. El requerimiento para crecimiento se calcula utilizando una ecuación alométrica y solamente se aplica a animales en crecimiento. El requerimiento de P para gestación es significativo únicamente durante el último trimestre de la gestación. El presente estudio es una revisión de literatura que plantea de manera general la importancia del fósforo en la nutrición animal, su regulación en el organismo, los problemas ambientales que puede ocasionar la sobrealimentación de este importante nutriente y la forma en que el NRC (2001) estima los requerimientos de P para el ganado de leche.

Phosphorus is essential to all living organisms, and is one of the main nutrients for animal growth. Increasing environmental concerns and diverse proposed environmental regulations of nutrient management have renewed the interest in the amount of P that should be fed to dairy cows, as overfeeding of P increases P excretion, leading to disturbances of environmental ecosystems. Reducing the P content of the diet to minimize P excretion is a fundamental and cost-effective approach to reducing P losses from the farm. This can be done by precisely meeting the P requirements of the animals. The NRC (2001) calculates the maintenance requirement for P as 1.0 g/kg of dry matter intake plus a negligible amount to recover the urinary P loss (0.002 g/kg body weight). The lactation requirement of P is calculated as 0.9 g/kg of milk, regardless of milk fat or protein content. The requirement for growth is calculated using an allometric equation, and that applies only to growing animals. The P requirement for pregnancy is significant only in the last trimester. The present study is a review of literature that presents in a general format the importance of P in animal nutrition, its regulation in the organism, the environmental problems caused by overfeeding P, and the proposed method by the NRC (2001) to estimate the P requirements of dairy cattle.

UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Agroalimentarias::Estación Experimental de Ganado Lechero Alfredo Volio Mata (EEAVM)

Country
Costa Rica
Related Organizations
Keywords

Contaminación ambiental, FÓSFORO, Ganado de leche, NUTRICIÓN ANIMAL, Requerimientos nutricionales

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green