The development of agricultural export depends on home and foreign markets demand as well as on increase of agricultural production. In the analysed period of years of 1956—1965 that export showed signs of development. Despite some set-backs its structural share in the whole of export was getting larger. The rate of increase in foreign exchange earnings due to agricultural exports has been faster than that caused by foreign exchange expenditures on import of goods, which could be produced by Polish agriculture and in that context quicker than the growing import of grain. The main source of revenues from the agricultural export constitutes the export of highly processed foodstuffs. Digitalizacja i deponowanie archiwalnych zeszytów RPEiS sfinansowane przez MNiSW w ramach realizacji umowy nr 541/P-DUN/2016