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Análisis económico y energético de la sustitución total o parcial de tracción Diésel por eléctrica en camiones de carga pesada: una oportunidad para el sector industrial colombiano de caña de azúcar

Authors: Barrios Duque, Paul Enrique; Soles Agamez, Cristian Camilo; Marenco Molina, David de Jesus;

Análisis económico y energético de la sustitución total o parcial de tracción Diésel por eléctrica en camiones de carga pesada: una oportunidad para el sector industrial colombiano de caña de azúcar

Abstract

En la industria cañera colombiana, se emplean camiones clase 8 para el transporte de la materia prima desde los ingenios hasta la planta. Bajo las condiciones características de un ciclo de operación en la que estos se desenvuelven, durante más del 90% del tiempo se subutilizan las prestaciones mecánicas del motor Diésel. Aunque, con la sustitución parcial o total de tracción eléctrica en dichos vehículos, no sólo se conseguiría mayor economía energética, sino también la posibilidad de sacar del reposo al sistema que supera las 130 toneladas en escenarios críticos, así como un incremento en la producción. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer la mejor solución de ingeniería a la problemática y diseñar el componente crítico de la misma. Para ello se estudia el estado del arte y la técnica, las patentes disponibles, seguido de un proceso de diseño de 3 etapas; en el conceptual, se establecen las funciones y subsistemas principales para seleccionar una alternativa; en el básico se modela el comportamiento dinámico del sistema para dimensionar y seleccionar componentes; en el detalle se desarrollan todos los cálculos y planos correspondientes al elemento más importante. Finalmente, se realiza un presupuesto global del proyecto y su puesta en marcha, pero no se aborda un análisis económico comparativo de la economía de combustible o el retorno de la inversión. Entre la tracción totalmente eléctrica, la implementación de motores eléctricos en las ruedas y la hibridación eléctrica del camión, se encontró que esta última resulta más favorable, debido a su bajo costo y prestaciones adicionales, como emplear el mismo motor eléctrico como generador e incluir un sistema de frenado regenerativo. Se seleccionó y detalló un engrane planetario para configurar en paralelo la transmisión de par y potencia de ambos motores, donde, dada la incertidumbre de espacio disponible para los nuevos componentes eléctricos, se cambió el Diésel original por uno más pequeño.

In the colombian sugar cane industry, it is used class 8 trucks for transporting raw material from farming fields to plants. Under an operational cycle's characteristics in which they work, Diesel engines performance is being subutilized for more than 90% of the time. Although, with total or partial electric sustitution in these vehicles, it won't be obtained just better energetic economy, but also the possibility to get out from rest the system that surpasses 130 tons in critical scenaries, as well as a production increase. This research's objective is to stablish the better engineering solution to the issue and design its critical component. For that it is studied the state of art and technic, available patents, followed by 3 stage design process; in the conceptual one, it is stablished the principal functions and subsystems to select an alternative; in the basic one it is modeled the system's dynamic behavior to size and choose components; in the detail one it is developed all the calculus and sketches corresponding to the most importante element. Finally, it is done a global proyect budget and its start up, but it is no taken into account a comparative economic fuel economy analysis or return of investment. Between full electric traction, the implementation of motors in the wheels and electric hybridization, it was found that this last one is more convenient, due to its low cost and additional benefits, like using the same motor as generator and include a regenerative braking system. It was selected and detailed a planetary gear to configurate the transmission of power and torque in parallel of both machines, where, given the free availble space uncertainty for the new electric components, original Diesel engine was changed for a smaller one.

Country
Colombia
Related Organizations
Keywords

Tracción eléctrica, Sugar cane industry, Sustitución Diesel, Industria caña de azúcar, Diesel replacement, Camiones carga pesada, Electric traction, Long haul heavy truck

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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