
handle: 10578/45129
La introducción del autoblanqueo derivado de las exigencias de la Unión Europea y las recomendaciones del GAFI supusieron toda una revolución normativa, dogmática y jurisprudencial en los ordenamientos jurídicos tanto de Italia como de España. En este sentido, cabe preguntarse si puede el delito fiscal constituir una actividad delictiva previa a efectos del ilícito de blanqueo de dinero cometido por el mismo sujeto activo. Esta cuestión ha suscitado una enorme polémica debido a la posible vulneración del principio non bis in idem. En este sentido, llama la atención las diferentes soluciones a las que ha llegado. Así, mientras que en Italia se opta por la introducción de una cláusula en su art. 648 ter I en virtud de la cual los actos de disfrute personal de la cuota defraudada no deben ser considerados como un delito de autoblanqueo, en España nos vemos abocados a una interpretación jurisprudencial restrictiva, que nos lleva a reformular la pregunta enunciada, puesto que no se trata de si delito fiscal (o cualquier otro) puede constituir como tal “actividad delictiva” antecedente a efectos del blanqueo de dinero sin ulteriores matizaciones, sino de la relación concursal (de delitos o de normas) en la que ambos preceptos pueden entrar en función de las circunstancias concretas.
The introduction of self-laundering according with the European Union requirements and FATF recommendations has led a regulatory, dogmatic, and caselaw revolution in the Italian and Spanish legal systems. In this regard it is worth considering whether tax crimes may be included as previous criminal activity for money laundering when it is committed by the same subject. This issue has raised enormous controversy because it could infringe the non bis in idem principle. The solutions that can be found in both countries are striking. Whereas in Italy it was opted for the amendment of Art. 648 ter I, laying down in the new clause that the acts of personal enjoyment from defrauded payment will not be considered as part of self-laundering offence, in Spain it has been developed a restrictive case-law interpretation, which leads us to reformulate the question raised. The question should not be if tax offences (or any other) can be considered previous "criminal activity" as part of the money-laundering offence without further clarifications, but about the rules to be applied for the concurrence of crimes in cases where both offences haven been committed.
España, Autoblanqueo de capitales, Delito fiscal, Blanqueo de dinero, Italia
España, Autoblanqueo de capitales, Delito fiscal, Blanqueo de dinero, Italia
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