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Sobre el delito fiscal como actividad delictiva antecedente del blanqueo de dinero: Experiencia española y breve análisis comparado respecto a la regulación italiana

Authors: Demetrio Crespo, Eduardo; Cuerda Martín, Mónica de la;

Sobre el delito fiscal como actividad delictiva antecedente del blanqueo de dinero: Experiencia española y breve análisis comparado respecto a la regulación italiana

Abstract

La introducción del autoblanqueo derivado de las exigencias de la Unión Europea y las recomendaciones del GAFI supusieron toda una revolución normativa, dogmática y jurisprudencial en los ordenamientos jurídicos tanto de Italia como de España. En este sentido, cabe preguntarse si puede el delito fiscal constituir una actividad delictiva previa a efectos del ilícito de blanqueo de dinero cometido por el mismo sujeto activo. Esta cuestión ha suscitado una enorme polémica debido a la posible vulneración del principio non bis in idem. En este sentido, llama la atención las diferentes soluciones a las que ha llegado. Así, mientras que en Italia se opta por la introducción de una cláusula en su art. 648 ter I en virtud de la cual los actos de disfrute personal de la cuota defraudada no deben ser considerados como un delito de autoblanqueo, en España nos vemos abocados a una interpretación jurisprudencial restrictiva, que nos lleva a reformular la pregunta enunciada, puesto que no se trata de si delito fiscal (o cualquier otro) puede constituir como tal “actividad delictiva” antecedente a efectos del blanqueo de dinero sin ulteriores matizaciones, sino de la relación concursal (de delitos o de normas) en la que ambos preceptos pueden entrar en función de las circunstancias concretas.

The introduction of self-laundering according with the European Union requirements and FATF recommendations has led a regulatory, dogmatic, and caselaw revolution in the Italian and Spanish legal systems. In this regard it is worth considering whether tax crimes may be included as previous criminal activity for money laundering when it is committed by the same subject. This issue has raised enormous controversy because it could infringe the non bis in idem principle. The solutions that can be found in both countries are striking. Whereas in Italy it was opted for the amendment of Art. 648 ter I, laying down in the new clause that the acts of personal enjoyment from defrauded payment will not be considered as part of self-laundering offence, in Spain it has been developed a restrictive case-law interpretation, which leads us to reformulate the question raised. The question should not be if tax offences (or any other) can be considered previous "criminal activity" as part of the money-laundering offence without further clarifications, but about the rules to be applied for the concurrence of crimes in cases where both offences haven been committed.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

España, Autoblanqueo de capitales, Delito fiscal, Blanqueo de dinero, Italia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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