The volcanic region of Campo de Calatrava, located in South-Central Spain, and in particular in the Ciudad Real Province (Castilla-La Mancha region) is one of the three most important areas with recent volcanic activity in the Iberian Peninsula, together with those of Olot (Gerona, in Catalonia) and Cabo de Gata (Almeria, in Andalucía). In this work we describe succinctly the characteristics of this volcanism, as well as the related iron and manganese (plus minor cobalt) oxides mineralizations. Finally, an also brief description of the legal measures implemented to protect the local volcanic buildings is included.