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Libertad y responsabilidad moral

Authors: Moya Espí, Carlos;

Libertad y responsabilidad moral

Abstract

¿Son los seres humanos libres y moralmente responsables de sus acciones? El supuesto de que esta pregunta tiene una respuesta categórica ha prevalecido ampliamente en la discusión filosófica contemporánea. La discusión sobre la libertad y la responsabilidad moral se ha movido, en gran parte, en torno a la cuestión de sus relaciones de compatibilidad o incompatibilidad con el determinismo y la necesidad causal, es decir, en un ámbito estrictamente metafísico. En este marco, las respuestas posibles, compatibilismo e incompatibilismo (tanto en su versión libertarista como determinista estricta), resultan insatisfactorias. Esta situación favorece la sospecha de que los conceptos mismos de libertad y responsabilidad moral son incoherentes, ya que no parece posible construirlos adecuadamente bajo supuestos deterministas o indeterministas, y estas dos posibilidades parecen exhaustivas. El resultado es el escepticismo. En este trabajo sostendré que la pregunta inicial no tiene una respuesta categórica. Esta propuesta debe mucho a la obra de Susan Wolf y de Paul Benson. La libertad y la responsabilidad moral no son rasgos metafísicos pertenecientes a la naturaleza misma de los seres humanos, sino cualidades que los seres humanos pueden o no adquirir, poseer en mayor o menor grado, o en ningún grado en absoluto, y, desde luego, perder. No es inconcebible que la humanidad pudiera carecer de esas cualidades, de modo que, si las consideramos valiosas, es preciso que investiguemos cuáles son sus condiciones de posibilidad y tratemos de preservarlas.

Are human beings free and morally responsible for their actions? The assumption that this question has a categorical answer has largely prevailed in contemporary philosophical discussion. The discussion on freedom and moral responsibility has moved, in large part, around the question of their relations of compatibility or incompatibility with determinism and causal necessity, that is, in a strictly metaphysical realm. In this context, the possible responses, compatibilism and incompatibilism (both in its libertarian and strict deterministic version), are unsatisfactory. This situation favors the suspicion that the very concepts of freedom and moral responsibility are incoherent, since it does not seem possible to construct them properly under deterministic or indeterministic assumptions, and these two possibilities seem exhaustive. The result is skepticism. In this paper I will argue that the initial question does not have a categorical answer. This proposal owes much to the work of Susan Wolf and Paul Benson. Freedom and moral responsibility are not metaphysical traits pertaining to the very nature of human beings, but qualities that human beings may or may not acquire, possess to a greater or lesser degree, or to no degree at all, and, of course, lose. It is not inconceivable that humanity could lack these qualities, so if we consider them valuable, we need to investigate what their conditions of possibility are and try to preserve them.

Keywords

libertad, UNESCO::FILOSOFÍA, incompatibilismo, determinismo, responsabilidad moral, compatibilismo

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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