
handle: 10550/127640
Evidence accumulated over the past two decades shows that cognitive biases systematically affect interpretation-based forensic disciplines, including forensic medicine. Major institutional reports (NAS 2009; PCAST 2016) and experimental studies demonstrate that irrelevant contextual information, technical ambiguity and institutional pressures can distort perception, interpretation and communication in medico-legal decision-making. This review synthesizes the available literature and examines the specific vulnerabilities of forensic medicine, a field marked by uncertainty and limited operational standardization. A four-layer model is proposed to describe how bias may infiltrate distinct stages of the medico-legal process. Evidence-based mitigation strategies — including Linear Sequential Unmasking-Expanded (LSU-E), blind verification and structured peer review— are presented to strengthen scientific quality and transparency in forensic reporting.; Los avances de las últimas dos décadas han demostrado que los sesgos cognitivos afectan de manera sistemática a disciplinas forenses basadas en interpretación, incluida la medicina forense. Informes institucionales (NAS 2009; PCAST 2016) y múltiples estudios experimentales evidencian que la información contextual irrelevante, la ambigüedad técnica y las presiones institucionales pueden distorsionar la percepción, la interpretación y la comunicación del dictamen pericial. Esta revisión integra la literatura disponible y analiza la vulnerabilidad específica de la medicina forense, caracterizada por altos niveles de incertidumbre y escasa estandarización operativa. Se propone un modelo conceptual de cuatro capas que describe cómo el sesgo puede infiltrarse en distintas etapas del proceso pericial. Asimismo, se presentan estrategias de mitigación basadas en evidencia —incluido el revelado secuencial de información (LSU-E), el trabajo ciego y la revisión estructurada— orientadas a mejorar la calidad científica y la transparencia del informe médico-legal.
medicina forense, calidad probatoria., LSU -E, UNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, sesgo cognitivo, interpretación pericial, revisión por pares
medicina forense, calidad probatoria., LSU -E, UNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICAS, sesgo cognitivo, interpretación pericial, revisión por pares
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