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A personalidade e mecanismos de defesa : um estudo exploratório e correlacional

Authors: Monteiro, Joana Fernandes;

A personalidade e mecanismos de defesa : um estudo exploratório e correlacional

Abstract

O objectivo desta investigação é explorar a expressividade dos cinco domínios de personalidade (Neuroticismo, Extroversão, Abertura à Experiência, Amabilidade e Conscienciosidade), a utilização de mecanismos de defesa, segundo a organização de Andrews, Singh e Bond (1993), e a relação entre ambos, numa amostra de adultos de idade avançada. Uma amostra de 45 participantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, sem psicopatologia diagnosticada, respondeu às versões portuguesas do NEO-FFI (Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R., 1989, 1992; Lima e Simões, 2001) e do Questionário de Estilo de Defesa-40 (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993; Henriques-Calado, 2008) e a um Questionário Sociodemográfico. Os resultados permitem verificar que: o domínio de Consciensiosidade e os mecanismos e factor de defesa Maduros têm maior expressividade na amostra; o domínio do Neuroticismo encontra-se positivamente associado a mecanismos e factor Imaturidade, e negativamente associado aos mecanismos e factor Maturidade; o domínio de Extroversão encontra-se positivamente associado aos mecanismos de defesa Maduros; os domínios da Abertura à Experiência e Amabilidade encontram-se também positivamente associados ao factor Maturidade, e negativamente associados aos mecanismos e factores Imaturidade. Estes resultados vêm evidenciar como a propensão para experienciar afectos negativos, característicos do Neuroticismo, parece interferir com a adaptação, levando a uma maior dificuldade em controlar os impulsos, evidenciando assim estratégias pouco adaptadas e mais imaturas, face às exigências. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de literatura existente relativa às cinco dimensões de personalidade, ao uso de mecanismos de defesa e à adaptação do adulto de idade avançada às exigências do envelhecimento. São apontadas as limitações do estudo e propostas para futuras investigações.

The purpose of this investigation is to explore the expressivity of the personality’s five traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness), using the defense mechanisms according to Andrews, Singh and Bond (1993), and the correlation between these variables, in a sample of old aged adults. A sample of 45 participants, both genders, aged over 60 years old, without a diagnosed psychopathology, answered the Portuguese versions of the NEO-FFI (Costa, P. T. & McCrae, R. R., 1989, 1992; Lima e Simões, 2001) and Defense Style Questionnaire-40 (Andrews, Singh, & Bond, 1993; Henriques-Calado, 2008) and a Sociodemographic Questionnair. The results show that the Conscientiousness and the Mature defense mechanisms are more expressive in the sample; it was found that Neuroticism was positively associated with specific Immature defenses, and negatively associated with the Mature and some of its specific defenses; Extraversion was postively associated with specific Mature defenses, and negatively associated with the Immature and some of its specific defences; the same can be said about Openness and Agreeableness. The results show how the tendency to easily experience unpleasant emotions, typical of the Neuroticism, seems to intervene with adaptation, leading to a greater difficulty in controlling impulses, thus showing less adapted and more immature strategies to face demands. The results are discussed in the light of the existing literature on the Big Five personality traits, the use of defense mechanisms and the adaptation of older adults to the demands of aging. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further investigations are presented.

Tese de mestrado, Psicologia (Secção de Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Núcleo de Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2012

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Gerontologia, Teses de mestrado - 2012, Mecanismos de defesa, Personalidade - Psicologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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