
Philosophy has always been interested in understanding art. With the new and astonishing developments which have occurred in contemporary art, the philosophical interest tried to come up with newer and fresher perspectives about its nature. For the last decades, philosophers have been debating the possibility of finding a real definition for art, aiming to portray its very essence. In this essay, I discuss some of the most important contributions to this debate. Starting with the classical essentialisms, such as Bell's formalism and Collingwood's expression theory, I continue with Weitz's family resemblances proposal and finish with the most recent relational theories, such as those presented by Danto, Dickie, Levinson and Carroll. I argue that, from the discussed contributions, Danto's philosophy of art comes out as the best answer to the question of the nature of art. His theory has the ability both to deal with criticism and to give an ontological explanation of art. Danto's perspective is also the most successful in embodying some of the most common beliefs about art.
A filosofia sempre se interessou pela arte. Mas foi só quando a arte contemporânea registou novos e surpreendentes desenvolvimentos que surgiu na história da filosofia um aceso debate acerca da possibilidade de encontrar uma definição real de arte capaz de captar a sua essência. Nesta dissertação discutirei algumas das mais importantes teorias contemporâneas acerca da natureza da arte, desde as teorias essencialistas clássicas de Bell e Collingwood, passando pela proposta das semelhanças de família feita por Weitz, até às mais recentes teorias relacionais de Danto, Dickie, Levinson e Carroll. Defenderei que a filosofia da arte de Danto oferece a resposta mais credível, das discutidas, para a questão da natureza da arte. Para além de ser mais capaz de lidar com as objecções, Danto fornece uma definição real que é verdadeiramente uma explicação ontológica da arte e acomoda eficazmente algumas das crenças mais comuns acerca da produção artística e da nossa relação com ela.
Tese de mestrado em Filosofia apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, 2009
Filosofia da arte, Estética, Teses de mestrado
Filosofia da arte, Estética, Teses de mestrado
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