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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Universidade de Lisb...arrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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Starch as the main excipient in hot-melt extrusion

Authors: Quintela, Filipa Isabel Salema;

Starch as the main excipient in hot-melt extrusion

Abstract

Nas últimas décadas, a extrusão por fusão (HME) tem despertado o interesse da indústria farmacêutica. Entre os vários polímeros utilizados nesta técnica, o amido surge como uma nova e interessante alternativa visto ser um abundante bio-polímero, não-tóxico, de baixo custo, com várias aplicações. De facto, este polímero é bastante conhecido pela indústria farmacêutica e tem sido utilizado como diluente, absorvente, ligando, promotor de escoamento e várias vezes descrito como lubrificante. O presente projecto consiste na utilização de amido de milho como principal excipiente em extrusão por fusão. Inicialmente utilizaram-se formulações com amido e água que actua como plasticizante no processo. De forma a avaliar o seu comportamento em extrusão por fusão, a temperatura e a percentagem de água foram modificadas utilizando um extrusor de dois parafusos contra-rotativos à escala laboratorial. O paracetamol foi seleccionado como fármaco modelo nas extrusões realizadas. Após a selecção as condições de processo óptimas, a produção foi transferida de uma escala laboratorial para uma escala piloto utilizando um extrusor de parafuso único na qual se evidenciaram algumas dificuldades. A formulação foi seguidamente optimizada pela introdução de um plasticizante (sorbitol) em diferentes percentagens (20, 25 e 30%) e extrudida com sucesso em ambos os extrusores. Todos os extrudidos foram avaliados quanto à aparência (cor, rugosidade superficial e uniformidade), tamanho, doseamento do fármaco modelo, libertação e calorimetria diferencial de varrimento (DSC). Relativamente à distribuição da substância activa, os doseamentos realizados foram homogéneos e apresentaram um coeficiente de variação inferior a 1% confirmando a eficiente capacidade de mistura do processo. Adicionalmente, as formulações contento sorbitol não demonstraram problemas durante o processo de secagem e produziram os extrudidos mais homogéneos. De todas as matrizes analisadas no ensaio de dissolução, a que continha 25% de sorbitol foi a que demonstrou um perfil de dissolução mais rápido. Considerando a análise por DSC foi possível concluir que os extrudidos produzidos consistem numa dispersão de paracetamol parcialmente cristalino numa matriz amorfa. Apesar dos dados recolhidos não permitirem uma avaliação quantitativa, os resultados sugerem que o processo pode influenciar o estado polimórfico do paracetamol visto que se verificou a presença de dois polimorfos com diferentes pontos de fusão, Forma I e Forma II.

During the last decade, hot-melt extrusion (HME) has attracted considerable interest within the pharmaceutical industry. Among several polymers used in this technique, starch appears as a new and interesting alternative since it is an abundant biopolymer, non-toxic, low-cost and has multiple applications. In fact, this polymer is very well-known by the pharmaceutical industry as a diluent, absorbent, binder, flowability promoter and often described as a lubricant. In the present work, starch was used as the main excipient in HME. First trials were performed on starch based formulations and water was used as a plasticizer. In order to screen of the excipient behaviour on hot-melt extrusion process, temperature and percentage of water were changed using a laboratory scale twin-screw extruder. Paracetamol was used as a low-solubility model drug. After selecting the most adequate processing conditions, the production of extrudates was transferred to a pilot scale single screw extruder which highlighted some difficulties. The formulation was further optimized by introducing an additional plasticizer (sorbitol) in different percentages into the formulation (20, 25 and 30%) and successfully extruded. All the extrudates were evaluated in terms of appearance (color, surface roughness, and uniformity), size, paracetamol content, drug release and differential scanning calorimetry. The distribution of paracetamol within the extrudates was homogenous with a coefficient of variation bellow 1%, confirming the mixing efficiency of the process. Moreover, the drying step was less problematic for formulations containing sorbitol that also produced the most homogeneous extrudates. From all the matrices tested the formulation with 25% sorbitol showed the fastest release profile. Concerning the DSC analysis it was found that the extrudates produced had an amorphous matrix with a partially crystalline active compound. Although the data collected didn’t allow a quantitative evaluation, the results suggested that the process may influence the polymorphic state of paracetamol since two polyforms were detected, Form I and Form II.

Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014

Università degli Studi di Milano. Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Ciências da Saúde, Mestrado Integrado - 2014

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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