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Será a crença em Deus apropriadamente básica : defesa de um inferencialismo moderado

Authors: Faria, Domingos José Matos Sousa;

Será a crença em Deus apropriadamente básica : defesa de um inferencialismo moderado

Abstract

Com o presente estudo pretende-se responder ao seguinte problema filosófico central: (i) será que a crença em Deus pode ter algum grau de garantia ou de estatuto epistémico positivo de forma básica ou não-inferencial? Mas para se responder com fundamento a tal problema é preciso fornecer primeiro uma resposta para a seguinte questão: (ii) em que consiste a garantia ou o estatuto epistémico positivo? A ideia é que para se fazer epistemologia aplicada, i.e., para se responder à questão (i), é necessário previamente fazer epistemologia normativa, i.e., responder à questão (ii). Como resposta a tais problemas esta dissertação está dividida em três partes: a primeira trata sobretudo de clarificação conceptual e do estado da arte sobre a epistemologia da religião contemporânea. A segunda parte, dedicada à epistemologia normativa, procura responder ao problema (ii) ao examinar-se criticamente várias teorias da garantia ou do estatuto epistémico positivo. E a terceira parte, dedicada à epistemologia aplicada, visa dar uma resposta plausível para o problema (i) ao analisar-se três modelos principais sobre o estatuto epistémico da crença em Deus. Para o problema (ii) defende-se uma epistemologia das virtudes, que se designa como “fiabilismo evidencialista funcional”, com vários graus relevantes de estatuto epistémico positivo, tais como justificação subjetiva, justificação objetiva, e garantia suficiente para o conhecimento. Quanto à questão central (i) argumenta-se a favor de um modelo que se designa como “modelo inferencialista moderado”. De acordo com esse modelo, a crença em Deus pode ser apropriadamente básica para grande parte dos teístas, apesar de ultimamente precisar de ancorar em boas inferências ou argumentos disponíveis da teologia natural para ter um relevante estatuto epistémico positivo.

The present study is intended to answer the following central philosophical problem: (i) can belief in God have some degree of warrant or positive epistemic status, in a basic or non-inferential way? But to give a principled answer to such problem one must first provide an answer to the following question: (ii) in what does the warrant or positive epistemic status consist? The idea is that to make applied epistemology, i.e., to answer question (i), one must first do normative epistemology, i.e., to answer question (ii). As an answer to these problems, the present dissertation is divided into three parts: the first consists mostly of conceptual clarifications as well as the state of the art on contemporary epistemology of religion. The second part, devoted to normative epistemology, seeks to answer problem (ii) through the critical examination of several theories of warrant or positive epistemic status. And the third part, devoted to applied epistemology, pursues a plausible answer to problem (i) with the analysis of three main models of the epistemic status of belief in God. As a solution to problem (ii) an epistemology of the virtues is defended, also termed “functional evidentiary reliabilism”, with several relevant degrees of positive epistemic status, such as that of subjective justification, objective justification, and sufficient warrant for knowledge. As to the central question (i), a case is made for a “moderate inferentialist model”. According to that model, belief in God can be properly basic for a great number of theists, despite the fact that, for it to have a relevant positive epistemic status, it ultimately requires the support of good inferences or arguments available in natural theology.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Humanidades::Filosofia, Ética e Religião, Deus - Existência, Teísmo, Epistemologia, Filosofia da religião, Teses de doutoramento - 2017

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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