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Processamento auditivo e efeitos de incongruência no processamento semântico

Authors: Silva, Carla Sofia Duarte Matos;

Processamento auditivo e efeitos de incongruência no processamento semântico

Abstract

O estudo do processamento da linguagem pode considerar desde as unidades linguísticas mais elementares, os simples fonemas, até à frase, como unidade mais ou menos complexa. O presente estudo centra-se na compreensão da fala por via auditiva de palavras e de frases. Nesta linha de investigação é comum usar, em simultâneo com os registos comportamentais, indicadores da atividade do Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) como os Potenciais Evocados Relacionados com Eventos (Event Related Potentials, ERPs). Diversos componentes de ERPs, com amplitude, latência e distribuição no couro cabeludo, têm sido relacionados com aspetos específicos dos processos envolvidos na compreensão da linguagem. Neste estudo, concentramo-nos num particular efeito ERP, denominado N400, sensível ao processamento semântico. Usamos paradigmas experimentais para avaliação do processamento linguístico, comparamos condições de congruência com condições de incongruência semântica em três situações distintas em termos de níveis de complexidade e de exigência de recursos de processamento, que designamos por fases experimentais. Na primeira fase experimental - processamento auditivo de palavras: relações lexicais e campos semânticos - foram considerados três campos semânticos principais (frutos, animais e objetos) e três campos desviantes (peixes, flores e profissões) respetivamente. Na segunda fase experimental foram consideradas frases declarativas constituídas por Sujeito/Verbo/Complemento. O tipo de complemento (direto ou oblíquo) foi selecionado em função das características do verbo utilizado; nesta fase experimental a violação semântica é local, ou seja, do verbo relativamente ao complemento que o seleciona. A terceira fase experimental – processamento auditivo de frases interrogativas parciais “Q” - implica uma estrutura mais complexa do ponto de vista do processamento da informação linguística, uma vez que o movimento do complemento para o início da frase deixa uma categoria vazia que requer um maior esforço de processamento semântico e sintático, com maior envolvimento de outros processos cognitivos como é o caso da memória de curto prazo. Esta investigação inclui, para cada uma das fases experimentais, um estudo com indicadores comportamentais e um estudo com indicadores eletrofisiológicos (ERPs), numa população saudável e ainda em casos de Perturbações do Processamento Auditivo Central (PPAC). As PPAC manifestam-se por uma perda auditiva funcional caracterizada pela incapacidade de realizar uma ou mais aptidões do processamento auditivo. Tanto quanto sabemos não existem estudos sobre este indicador do processamento semântico em indivíduos com PPAC.

The study of language processing can consider whether the most elementary linguistic units, the simple phonemes or the sentence as a more or less complex unit. The current study is focused on the speech understanding by the hearing of words and sentences. In this line of investigation, it is common to use behavioural data simultaneously with indicators of the Central Nervous System (CNS) activity as the Event Related Potentials (ERPs). Various ERPs components with amplitude, latency and distribution on the scalp have been related to specific aspects of the processes involved in the language understanding. In this study, we will focus on a particular effect of ERP, named N400, sensitive to the semantic processing. We will use experimental paradigms for the evaluation of the linguistic processing; compare conditions of congruence with conditions of semantic incongruence in three distinctive situations in terms of level of complexity and demand of processing resources that will be designated as experimental phases. In the first experimental phase- auditory processing of words: lexical relations and semantic fields – three main semantic fields were considered (fruit, animals and objects) and three deviant fields (fish, flowers and jobs) respectively. In the second experimental phase, declarative sentences constituted by Subject/Verb/Complement were considered. The type of complement (direct or oblique) was selected according to the characteristics of the verb used. In this experimental phase, the semantic violation is local, in other words, from the verb to the complement. The third experimental phase- auditory processing of partial interrogative sentences “Wh”- implies a more complex structure from the point of view of the linguistic information processing, as the movement of the complement to the beginning of the sentence leaves an empty category that requires a greater semantic and syntactic effort, with a greater involvement of other cognitive processes as in the case of shortterm memory. This investigation includes, for each of the experimental phases, a study with behavioural indicators and a study with electrophysiological indicators (ERPs), for a healthy population and also in cases of Central Auditory Processing Disorders (APD). The APD are expressed by a functional hearing loss characterized by the incapacity to perform one or more abilities of the auditory processing. As far as we know, there aren’t any studies on this indicator of semantic processing in individuals with APD.

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Keywords

Percepção auditiva, Potenciais evocados (Electrofisiologia), Linguagem - Aspectos fisiológicos, Semântica e psicologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Humanidades::Línguas e Literaturas, Linguística cognitiva, Linguagem - Compreensão, Teses de doutoramento - 2017

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green