The diagnosis of the current state of conservation of Puya raimondii Hams in Arequipa, Perú. – The authors show the results of a survey carried out in Perù, Arequipe region, and Bolivia, on the geographical distribution of Puya raimondii Harms. After describing the systematic and nomenclature of the Andinian species, the study of the biological, ecological and conservation status of this endemic plant species has been performed, as well. They have also described the density population and the risk of genetic erosion caused of both natural and anthropic pressure. Finally they evaluated the use of this plant species as animal feeding, popular medicine traditional local use.