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CONICET Digital
Article . 2018
License: CC BY NC SA
Data sources: CONICET Digital
EconStor
Research . 2018
Data sources: EconStor
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Efectos educativos de la fecundidad adolescente: evidencia causal a partir de la legalización del aborto en Uruguay

Authors: Alzúa, María Laura; Velázquez Battistessa, Cecilia;

Efectos educativos de la fecundidad adolescente: evidencia causal a partir de la legalización del aborto en Uruguay

Abstract

Uruguay registra una fuerte brecha entre las tasas de asistencia escolar de las madres adolescentes y sus pares sin hijos. Este trabajo investiga si esta brecha responde a una relación causal, identificando el impacto de tener un hijo en la adolescencia sobre la asistencia al sistema educativo y la acumulación de capital humano de las jóvenes. Para subsanar el problema de endogeneidad de las decisiones educativas y de fecundidad, se hace uso de la reforma que legalizó el aborto en Uruguay en diciembre de 2012. La reforma convirtió a Uruguay en uno de los primeros países en América Latina –con excepción de Cuba, Guyana y el Distrito Federal de México– en donde la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo o aborto es legal. Sin embargo, la aplicación de la ley se vio demorada en varias localidades debido a que se permite a los ginecólogos negar el servicio bajo la figura de “objeción de conciencia”. La diferencia geográfica y temporal en las tasas de implementación nos permite aislar el efecto causal de la fecundidad adolescente sobre la educación, utilizando las tasas locales de aborto legal como variable instrumental. Éste es el primer trabajo que cuenta con información oficial sobre el número de abortos legales realizados en Uruguay. Los resultados sugieren que el acceso a la interrupción legal del embarazo redujo la fecundidad adolescente. Se encuentra un instrumento exógeno para la fecundidad adolescente -tasas de aborto legal- siendo una de las principales contribuciones de este trabajo. Sin embargo, no se encuentran efectos significativos sobre los logros educativos de aquellas jóvenes cuya decisión de fecundidad se ve alterada por la legalización del aborto. Esto sugiere que los malos resultados educativos de las madres adolescentes no pueden atribuirse a la maternidad temprana per se, sino a desventajas pre-existentes.

There is a strong gap in school enrollment rates between young girls with and without children in Uruguay. This paper aims to explain if this gap responds to a cause-effect relationship, identifying the impact of becoming a teen mother on the educational outcomes of young girls. Our identification strategy takes advantage of a reform in Uruguay allowing voluntary termination of pregnancy since December 2012. This reform made Uruguay the only LatinAmerican country –except from Cuba, Guyana and Mexico City– where abortion on demand is legal. However, the supply of legal abortion services faced several drawbacks in some geographical areas where a high share of gynecologists refused to induce abortions, since the law protects the right to exercise ‘conscientious objection’ with respect to abortion. Thus, the supply of abortion services varied substantially across departments. Differences in the timing and degree of implementation provide a source of identification for estimating the causal effect of teenage fertility on education using an Instrumental Variables approach. Local abortion rates -carried out under the new legal framework- are used to instrument teenage fertility rates. This is the first study to have official information on the number of legally terminated pregnancies in Uruguay since abortion reform in 2012. Results suggest that access to legal abortion reduced teenage fertility. We provide an exogenous instrument for teenage fertility -legal abortion rates- and this is one of the main contributions of the paper. Second-stage results indicate the causal effect of teenage fertility on educational attainment is null for the group of compliers. This suggests that poor educational performance of teenage mothers cannot be attributed to early motherhood per se, but to pre-existing disadvantages.

Fil: Alzua, Maria Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina

Fil: Velázquez Battistessa, Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Departamento de Ciencias Económicas. Centro de Estudios Distributivos Laborales y Sociales; Argentina

Country
Argentina
Keywords

ddc:330, Educación, J13, Abortion, EDUCATION, Teenage fertility, LATIN AMERICA, Education, Latin America, ABORTION, Aborto, Ciencias Económicas, América Latina, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5.2, https://purl.org/becyt/ford/5, Uruguay, Instrumental Variables, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, I21, variables instrumentales, fecundidad adolescente

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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