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Utilização de Xilanas no Fabrico de Filmes/Revestimentos Para o Setor Alimentar

Authors: Queirós, Lúcia da Conceição Cardoso;

Utilização de Xilanas no Fabrico de Filmes/Revestimentos Para o Setor Alimentar

Abstract

A procura de materiais naturais renováveis para produção de filmes comestíveis prende-se essencialmente com aspetos ambientais e de segurança alimentar. Nas últimas décadas tem sido objeto de estudo a tentativa de substituição dos produtos químicos derivados de petróleo por polímeros naturais. As xilanas e seus derivados estão entre os materiais naturais, que têm vindo a ganhar cada vez mais interesse, em aplicações, como filmes comestíveis. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver filmes de carboximetilxilana (CMX) com possível aplicação no setor alimentar. Numa primeira fase, estudou-se o melhoramento das propriedades mecânicas, hidrofóbicas e antimicrobianas dos filmes usando diversos aditivos, como agar (Ag), carbonato de amónio e zircónio (AZC), ácidos gordos, óleo vegetal, óleo essencial de coentros e glicerol. Posteriormente foram desenvolvidos quatro filmes, CMX:Ag, CMX:AZC, CMX:Ag:Líp (onde Líp é uma mistura de ácido linoleico e óleo vegetal), e CMX (controlo). As suas propriedades mecânicas, barreira, óticas e térmicas foram avaliadas e comparadas. A atividade antimicrobiana contra bactérias patogénicas alimentares, tais como Bacilus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) e Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311) foi também avaliada. Os filmes obtidos eram transparentes e de cor amarelada. A adição de agar, AZC e Ag:Líp melhorou a tensão de rutura do filme CMX de 4,79 para 27,67; 20,95 e 17,35 MPa respetivamente, sendo o filme CMX:Ag aquele que apresentou melhor tensão de rutura e o filme CMX:AZC melhor módulo de elasticidade. A permeabilidade ao vapor de água (WVP) e a permeabilidade ao oxigénio (OP) foram reduzidas após a incorporação dos aditivos à CMX. A análise térmica mostrou que os filmes CMX:Ag:Líp e CMX:AZC apresentaram melhor estabilidade térmica, comparativamente ao filme controlo. Adicionalmente, o ácido linoleico, incorporado no filme CMX:Ag:Líp revelou possuir boa atividade antimicrobiana contra as bactérias Gram-positivas, B. cereus e S. aureus. Tendo em conta as características dos filmes desenvolvidos neste estudo, o filme com lípidos será o mais adequado para aplicações alimentares.

The demand for natural and renewable materials for the production of edible films is essentially associated to environmental issues and food safety. In recent decades, there has been a growing effort to replace chemicals derived from petroleum with natural polymers. The xylan and its derivatives are among the natural materials, which have been gaining more and more interest in applications such as edible films. The aim of this work was to develop carboxymethylxylan films (CMX) with possible application in the food industry. Initially, the improvement of mechanical, hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties of the films were studied by using various additives such as agar (Ag), ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC), fatty acids, vegetable oil, coriander essential oil, and glycerol. Subsequently, four films were developed, CMX:Ag, CMX:AZC, CMX:Ag:Lip (where Lip is a mixture of linoleic and vegetable oil) and CMX (control). Its mechanical, barrier, optical and thermal properties were evaluated and compared. The antimicrobial activity against food pathogenic bacteria, such as Bacilus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 13311) was also evaluated. The obtained films were transparent and yellowish. The addition of agar, AZC and Ag:Lip improved tensile strength of the CMX film from 4,79 to 27,67; 20,95 and 17,35 MPa respectively, with the CMX:Ag film providing the best tensile strength and the CMX:AZC film the best modulus of elasticity. The water vapor permeability (WVP) and the oxygen permeability (OP) decreased after the incorporation of additives to the CMX film. Thermal analysis showed that the CMX:AZC and CMX:Ag:Lip film had better thermal stability. Additionally, linoleic acid, incorporated in the CMX:Ag:Lip film revealed to have a good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, B. cereus and S. aureus. This work showed that, taking into account the characteristics of developed films, the film with the lipid may be more suitable for food applications.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Propriedades Antimicrobianas, Propriedades Térmicas, Propriedades Mecânicas, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia:: Outras Engenharias e Tecnologias, Filme de Carboximetilxilana

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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