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Avaliação do ciclo de vida

Comparação de dois automóveis com diferentes tipos de motorização
Authors: Pereira, Bruno Miguel Gabriel;

Avaliação do ciclo de vida

Abstract

Com o acentuado aumento da poluição mundial, verificado nas últimas décadas, surgiu uma preocupação crescente em identificar as principais fontes causadoras da mesma, e, neste sentido, encontrar uma forma de minimizar o impacte ambiental provocado. Uma das principais fontes encontradas foi a utilização dos combustíveis fósseis, que constituem a principal fonte de energia dos automóveis na sua generalidade. Não apenas devido à poluição mas também por serem um recurso esgotável. Assim, surgiu a necessidade de procurar alternativas que contemplassem uma redução da dependência dos combustíveis fósseis para além da redução da poluição. Neste contexto, tem-se assistido ao aparecimento de inúmeras inovações com automóveis cada vez menos poluentes e fontes de energia alternativas como a electricidade. Este estudo tem como principal objectivo observar quais os automóveis que poderão ser alternativos aos convencionais, e, conhecer qual o impacte ambiental causado pelos mesmos. Para isso, foram considerados um automóvel diesel e um híbrido (diesel e eléctrico). Realizou-se um estudo observacional e descritivo com componente analítica. Foi utilizada a metodologia de avaliação de ciclo de vida dos diferentes automóveis para quantificar o desempenho ambiental de cada um. A avaliação de ciclo de vida realizada seguiu os padrões normalizados da norma NP EN ISO 14040:2008, incluindo as etapas de produção, fabrico de combustível e utilização do automóvel. Para tal, recorreu-se a um software, que, utilizando a metodologia de avaliação CML2001 permite quantificar o desempenho ambiental dos objectos em estudo em dez categorias. Após quantificados os impactes, observou-se que a fase de utilização, em ambos os automóveis, foi a fase que apresentou maiores contribuições para as categorias de impacte estudadas, e, consequentemente, a fase de produção de combustível apresentou-se como a segunda com maior contribuição. Apesar de na fase de produção o automóvel híbrido apresentar pior desempenho ambiental, esta é compensada durante a fase de uso. Assim o automóvel híbrido apresenta um melhor desempenho ambiental ao longo do seu ciclo vida quando comparado com o automóvel diesel.

After checking an increase in global pollution occurred in recent decades, and increasing concern to identify the main sources of it, and then find a way to minimize the environmental impact caused. The major source found was the use of fossil fuels, which are the main energy source for the cars in general. Not only due to pollution, but also fossil fuels being an exhaustible resource. Thus, the need to seek alternatives to contemplate a reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and the reduction in pollution emerged. In this context, we have seen the emergence of numerous innovations with less polluting cars and alternative energy sources such as electricity. This study aims to see which cars could be alternative to conventional and know what the environmental impact caused by them. For this study were considered a diesel car and a hybrid one (diesel and electric). Was conducted an observational, descriptive study with an analytical component. Was used the methodology of life cycle to quantify the environmental performance of each car during its life. The life cycle analysis was performed following the standard patterns of the NP EN ISO 14040: 2008, including the stages of production, fuel fabrication and car use. This analysis was performed by software, using the evaluation methodology CML2001 was used to quantify the environmental performance of the objects under study in ten categories. Quantified the impacts, it has been observed that the use phase in both cars is the phase that presents the greatest contributions to the impact categories studied, and thus the phase of fuel production is presented as the second, with greatest contribution. Although the production phase of the hybrid automobile have worse environmental performance, which is compensated for in the phase of use. Thus, the hybrid automobile has a better environmental performance throughout its life cycle when compared to diesel automobile.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Automóvel Híbrido-Diesel, Cml2001, Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, Metodologia de Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida, Automóvel Diesel, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Gestão Industrial

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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