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Perceções de docentes sobre as dimensões da avaliação do desempenho docente : supervisão e colaboração na cultura docente

Authors: Marques, Regina Maria Ferreira Gomes;

Perceções de docentes sobre as dimensões da avaliação do desempenho docente : supervisão e colaboração na cultura docente

Abstract

A presente investigação insere-se na problemática da avaliação de desempenho docente (ADD), enquadrada na questão de investigação: “Qual é a perceção dos docentes quanto às transformações relacionadas com a avaliação de desempenho docente nas seguintes dimensões: dinâmicas colaborativas, dinâmicas supervisivas e melhoria das práticas pedagógicas?”. Neste estudo propomo-nos compreender a forma como o processo de ADD foi aplicado nas escolas e percecionado pelos professores, no universo que elegemos, e em termos de tendências. Para isso, foi convocada a influência que os professores atribuíram às lideranças intermédias na promoção das culturas supervisivas e colaborativas. Para o desenvolvimento do estudo, foi necessário definir e clarificar algumas noções fundamentais para a ADD, tais como a de avaliação, e de avaliação do desempenho, o conceito de supervisão, bem como abordar o quadro teórico que analisa a cultura da escola, em que se realçam as perspetivas ligadas à valorização da cultura colaborativa e de mudança e melhoria das práticas. Participaram no estudo os docentes das escolas básicas dos 2º e 3º ciclos dos concelhos de Almada e do Seixal, que exerceram funções nos anos letivos compreendidos entre 2007/2008 e 2009/2010. A informação foi recolhida através de inquérito por questionário, realizado on-line, porque se mostrou ser a forma mais adequada face ao objetivo do estudo. Com este instrumento, procurámos compreender, de forma extensiva no universo considerado, as dinâmicas que envolveram os docentes nas escolas onde lecionaram no período da implementação da avaliação de docentes, de acordo com o Decreto Regulamentar nº 2/2008, de 10 de janeiro. Entre as conclusões do nosso estudo destacamos as contradições existentes, nas opiniões expressas pelos docentes, quanto à forma como as práticas supervisivas, colaborativas e a melhoria da ação docente foram percecionados. A forma como as mudanças inerentes à ADD foram introduzidas na escola e a burocracia inerente às mesmas provocou reações de oposição e descrença no processo, condicionando a existência de melhorias nas práticas docentes mas, no global, os docentes consideraram que a supervisão contribuiu para a melhoria da sua ação docente. A aplicação da ADD foi percecionada como uma oportunidade para a introdução de melhorias na prática docente e tantos os fatores relacionais entre os docentes, como os de comunicação com os líderes, de topo e intermédios, foram considerados como muito potenciadores. Na perspetiva dos docentes inquiridos, as maiores dificuldades que se colocaram e que determinaram a forma como decorreram as ações avaliativas, supervisivas e colaborativas foram a falta de reconhecimento da qualificação profissional dos supervisores, das suas competências, a sua ação burocrática e o descrédito nas vantagens da existência de mecanismos de supervisão de docentes. Os fatores pessoais e os do contexto escolar foram percecionados como obstáculos à implementação, de forma eficaz, das práticas colaborativas e supervisivas, condicionando o desenvolvimento profissional e a avaliação do desempenho dos docentes. No global, os sujeitos deste estudo consideraram que a ADD não teve impacto positivo no desenvolvimento profissional dos docentes.

This study focus on the teachers‟ performance evaluation (TPE), trying to answer the question: “What is the teachers‟ understanding about the changes related with the TPE in the following dimensions: collaborative and supervision dynamics, and improvement of teaching practices?”. Therefore, this study intends to understand how the TPE process was applied in schools and seen by teachers, in the selected universe and concerning its tendencies. For that will be assessed the influence teachers attribute to the intermediate management organs leaderships in the promotion of supervision and collaborative cultures. Prior to the development of this study, was necessary to define and clarify some fundamental concepts to the TPE, such as the definition of evaluation, and performance evaluation; the concept of supervision, as well as the theoretic framework that analyses the school‟s culture, highlighting the perspectives related with collaborative culture‟s valorization, and practice‟s change and improvement. In this study have participated teachers from primary schools of 2nd and 3rd cycles of Almada and Seixal counties, which exerted functions in the scholar years between 2007/2008 and 2009/2010. The information was collected through online surveys, which proved to be the most adequate method considering the study object. With this instrument, we tried to understand, in an extensive way in the considered universe, the dynamics that involved teachers in their schools in the TPE‟s implementation period, in agreement with the Regulatory Decree nr 2/2008, of January 10. Among this study‟s conclusions is highlighted the existing contradiction between teacher‟s opinion about the way supervision and collaborative practices, and the way improvement of teaching action were understood. The changes due to TPE introduced in schools and its paperwork triggered reactions of opposition and disbelief in the process, conditioning the existence of actual improvement in teaching practices. However, in general, teachers considered that supervision has contributed to improve their teaching action. The application of TPE was perceived as an opportunity to introduce improvements in teaching practices, and both the relations between teachers, and the communication with top and intermediate leaders were considered as high enhancers. In the respondents‟ perspective, the greatest difficulties that were perceived and that determined the way that evaluation, supervision and collaborative actions took place were the lack of recognition of supervisor‟s professional qualification, competences, bureaucracy action, and the disbelief in the benefits in the advantages resulting from the existence of teacher‟s supervision mechanisms. Both personal and scholar factors were seen as having hindered the effective implementation of collaborative and supervision practices, conditioning the professional development and the teachers‟ performance evaluation. In general, the targets of our study find that the TPE did not have a positive impact in teacher‟s professional development.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Melhoria das práticas, Culturas colaborativas, Supervision, Liderança, Avaliação, Collaborative culture, Leadership, Desempenho docente, Supervisão, Teacher performance, Practice improvement, Evaluation, Mudança

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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