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Tempo de ecrã, qualidade do sono e atenção matinal em adolescentes dos 12 aos 18 anos

Screen time, sleep quality and morning alertness in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years
Authors: Coelho, Margarida Raposo da Silva Schaub;

Tempo de ecrã, qualidade do sono e atenção matinal em adolescentes dos 12 aos 18 anos

Abstract

Fundamentação Teórica A utilização excessiva de dispositivos (tempo de ecrã), principalmente à noite, tem sido motivo de preocupação e de interesse de investigação quanto aos seus impactos, nomeadamente, na atenção. Considerando que as redes atencionais dos jovens ainda estão em pleno desenvolvimento, esta capacidade cognitiva pode estar mais suscetível a ser modificada por fatores ambientais como o uso de dispositivos. Aliado a este fator, o sono também parece ser afetado por esta utilização, sendo uma componente importante no desenvolvimento saudável dos adolescentes. Pretendeu-se analisar o tempo de ecrã antes de dormir, a qualidade do sono e a atenção de manhã em adolescentes portugueses com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 18 anos. Metodologia A amostra foi selecionada por conveniência e ficou constituída por 87 adolescentes, com desenvolvimento típico, com uma média de idades de 15,12 (DP= 2.08), com anos de escolaridade entre o sétimo e o décimo segundo ano, dos quais 51 (58,6%) são do sexo feminino e 36 do sexo masculino (41,4%). A atenção dos jovens foi avaliada através do D2, o tempo de ecrã através do Questionário Tempo de Ecrã realizado aos próprios e aos pais. O sono foi avaliado através PSQI-PT, o rMEQ e o CASQ. Dependendo das hipóteses colocadas, foram realizadas análises correlacionais e testes de comparação de médias de desempenho. Resultados Verificou-se a existência de uma utilização excessiva diária e antes de adormecer de 32 jovens da amostra (designado de grupo de alto risco). Foi encontrada uma relação entre o uso do smartphone ao fim-de-semana, o cronotipo vespertino e a pobre qualidade do sono. Encontraram-se ainda diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o grupo de alto risco e baixo risco na prova de atenção. Também uma relação significativa entre os grupos etários e a prova de atenção D2 foi encontrada. Conclusão O tempo de ecrã excessivo, principalmente antes de adormecer, pode interferir na qualidade do sono e na atenção dos jovens entre os 12 e 18 anos. Contribuindo para uma melhor compreensão dos efeitos do tempo de ecrã excessivo, considera-se importante aumentar a sensibilização junto de jovens por forma a adotarem estratégias para o uso responsável de dispositivos antes de dormir.

Theoretical Background The excessive use of devices (screen time), especially at night, has been a cause for concern and research interest in terms of its impact, particularly on attention. Considering that young people's attentional networks are still in full development, this cognitive capacity may be more susceptible to being modified by environmental factors such as the use of devices. Allied to this factor, sleep also seems to be affected by this use and is an important component in the healthy development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyse screen time before bed, sleep quality and attention in the morning in Portuguese adolescents aged between 12 and 18. Method The sample was selected for convenience and consisted of 87 adolescents with typical development, with an average age of 15.12 (SD= 2.08), with years of schooling between seventh and twelfth grade, of which 51 (58.6%) were female and 36 male (41.4%). Young people's attention was assessed using the D2, screen time using the Screen Time Questionnaire administered to themselves and their parents. Sleep was assessed using the PSQI-PT, the rMEQ and the CASQ. Depending on the hypotheses put forward, correlational analyses and tests to compare performance averages were carried out. Results Excessive daily and pre-sleep use was found among 32 young people in a sample group (called the high-risk group). A relationship was found between smartphone use at the weekend, the afternoon chronotype and poor sleep quality. Statistically significant differences were also found between the high-risk and low-risk groups in the attention test. A significant relationship was also found between age groups and the D2 attention test. Conclusion Excessive screen time, especially before going to sleep, can interfere with the quality of sleep and attention of young people between the ages of 12 and 18. Contributing to a better understanding of the effects of excessive screen time, it is considered important to raise awareness among young people in order to adopt strategies for the responsible use of devices before bedtime.

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Portugal
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Keywords

Atenção, Tempo de ecrã, Cronotipo, Adolescent, Chronotype, Attention, Screen-time, Sleep quality, Adolescentes, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde, Qualidade do sono

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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