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Sustainable finance : a look into impact-weighted accounting, ESG Scores and Alpha

Authors: Castelão, Beatriz Loureiro;

Sustainable finance : a look into impact-weighted accounting, ESG Scores and Alpha

Abstract

Sustainable finance plays a key role in the transition to a more responsible and low-carbon economy. Sustainable investments accounted for 35.5 trillion $ in 2020 and currently represent over 30% of global AUMs. This paper examines the alpha generation ability of two sustainable investment approaches, ESG- and Impact-investing, on the US and Developed equity markets during the 2012-2020 period. This is done by creating six ESG and Impact strategies and regressing excess returns against CAPM, Fama-French three and five factor models. The study's contribution to the sustainable finance field is twofold. First, ESG performance is proxied by Refinitiv ESG scores, while most academic research uses MSCI ESG ratings. Moreover, the thesis leverages the innovative Impact-Weighted Accounting methodology and Database - developed by Harvard - to assess firms' environmental impact through monetized measures. The results show that portfolios long high and short low ESG scores generate positive and significant alpha, while portfolios long low and short high environmental impact (i.e., damage) firms generate significant albeit negative alpha (only in US equities). Furthermore, the thesis finds no evidence of alpha generation in neither ESG nor Impact momentum strategies, as well as in the aggregate Developed equity market. The paper concludes that both Refinitiv ESG scores and Impact-Weighted measures can be useful for decision-making and portfolio construction, despite leading to significantly different results. The paper also provides practical implications to alpha-seeking investors, who can benefit from being long a high minus low ESG portfolio and short a low minus high environmental impact portfolio.

A presente tese analisa a capacidade de gerar ‘alfa’ associada a estratégias de investimento ESG e de impacto (ambiental) aplicadas aos mercados de capitais dos EUA e dos Países Desenvolvidos, durante o período 2012-2020. Para tal, construíram-se seis estratégias ESG e de impacto e executou-se uma análise de regressão em relação aos modelos CAPM, bem como Fama-French de três e cinco fatores. A tese contribui de duas formas para a área das finanças sustentáveis. Primeiramente, utiliza Refinitiv ESG scores para medir a performance ESG de empresas, quanto a maioria da literatura recorre a MSCI ESG scores. Adicionalmente, a tese explora uma base de dados alicerçada na metodologia ‘Impact-Weighted Accounting’ (desenvolvida por Harvard) que permite monetizar o impacto ambiental das empresas. Os resultados mostram que portefólios com posições longas em empresas de alto ESG score e posições curtas em empresas com baixo ESG score geram ‘alfa’ positivo, enquanto que portefólios longos em baixo impacto ambiental e curtos em alto impacto ambiental geram ‘alfa’ negativo (ambas conclusões aplicáveis e estatisticamente significativas apenas no universo dos EUA). Adicionalmente, não foram encontradas provas empíricas de que estratégias de momentum associadas a impacto ou ESG tenham a capacidade de gerar ‘alfa’. Assim, conclui-se que tanto os Refinitiv ESG scores como medidas de monetização de impacto ambiental podem ser úteis na tomada de decisões, construção de carteiras e na geração de alfa.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Alpha, Sustainable investment, Impacto ambiental, ESG investing, Medição do impacto, Investimento ESG, Impact monetization, Impact measurement, Environmental impact, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Sociais::Economia e Gestão, Asset management, Investimento de impacto, Investimento sustentável, Monetização do impacto, Gestão de ativos, Impact investing

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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