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Doctoral thesis . 2021
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Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA
Doctoral thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
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Doctoral thesis . 2021
License: CC BY NC ND
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Resumen de tesis. Caracter?sticas neuropsicol?gicas y alteraciones del neurodesarrollo en ni?os con nacimiento prematuro

Neuropsychological Characteristics and Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Children with Premature Birth
Authors: Mag?n Maganto, Mar?a Carmen;

Resumen de tesis. Caracter?sticas neuropsicol?gicas y alteraciones del neurodesarrollo en ni?os con nacimiento prematuro

Abstract

[ES] Alrededor de 15 millones de ni?os nacen cada a?o de manera prematura (<37 semanas de gestaci?n) en todo el mundo lo que supone cerca de un 11% del total de nacimientos, y estos n?meros siguen incrementado con los a?os, adem?s muchos de esos ni?os nacen con muy bajo peso (<1.500 g.). En Espa?a estas cifras son algo m?s bajas, siendo pr?ximo a un 7% el total de nacimientos prematuros. Adem?s, la supervivencia de los reci?n nacidos prematuros tambi?n ha aumentado en las ?ltimas d?cadas, esto se debe en gran medida a los grandes avances en los cuidados intensivos neonatales. No obstante, el n?mero de dificultades que tienen que afrontar los menores prematuros a lo largo de sus vidas es grande y variado. Uno de los problemas m?s frecuentes son la presencia de trastornos del neurodesarrollo y m?s en concreto del Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA). La prevalencia reportada por metaan?lisis actuales para el TEA en la poblaci?n prematura es alrededor de un 7%, mientras que la prevalencia para la poblaci?n general se encuentra entorno al 1% a nivel mundial. Estos datos sugieren que existen un mayor riesgo de presentar un TEA en poblaciones prematuras. Los resultados de esta tesis contribuyen a la mejora de la detecci?n precoz, apoyando una necesidad de seguimiento a trav?s del tiempo para esta poblaci?n en riesgo. En general, los resultados expuestos aportan nueva evidencia a la descripci?n de perfiles neuropsicol?gicos que pueden ser clave a la hora de diferenciar trayectorias evolutivas que identifiquen factores de riesgo para la presencia de problemas en el neurodesarrollo, como es el TEA. Adem?s, la caracterizaci?n de estos perfiles ser?a de gran valor para los profesionales encargados del dise?o de intervenciones, pues les permitir?a centrar las pr?cticas de intervenci?n sobre la problem?tica espec?fica de cada ni?o y prevenir futuros problemas. A largo plazo disponer de intervenciones preventivas supondr?a una mejora en la calidad de vida de los menores prematuros y sus familias, pero tambi?n un ahorro en los costes de los sistemas sanitarios p?blicos. [EN] Around 15 million children are born prematurely each year (<37 weeks of gestation) worldwide, which represents about 11% of all births, and these numbers are continuing to increase, with many of these children also born with very low weight (<1,500 grams). In Spain, these figures are somewhat lower, as the total number of premature births is close to 7%. The survival of preterm infants has also increased in recent decades, which is largely due to advances in neonatal intensive care. However, the number of difficulties that premature children have to face throughout their lives is high and can affect many areas. One of the most frequent problems is the presence of neurodevelopmental disorders and more specifically, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The prevalence reported by current meta-analyses of ASD in the premature population is around 7%, while the prevalence for the general population is around 1% worldwide. These data suggest that there is an increased risk of developing an ASD in premature populations. Currently, there are no studies on the prevalence of ASD in premature populations and with very low birth weight in Spain. The results of this thesis contribute to the improvement of early detection, supporting the need to maintain follow-ups over time for this at-risk population. In general, the results provide new evidence for the description of neuropsychological profiles that may be key when it comes to differentiating developmental trajectories that identify risk factors for the presence of neurodevelopmental problems, such as ASD. Furthermore, the characterization of these profiles would be of great value for the professionals in charge of the design of interventions, since it would allow them to focus their practices on the specific problems of each child and prevent future problems. In the long term, providing preventive interventions would mean an improvement in the quality of life of premature minors and their families, while also reducing costs for public health systems and society.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

3201.05 Psicolog?a Cl?nica, Academic dissertations, Psicología clínica, Epidemiology, Neurociencias, Psychology, Clinical, Universidad de Salamanca (Espa?a), Epidemiolog?a, epidemiolog?a, Universidad de Salamanca (España), Tesis y disertaciones académicas, 3201.05 Psicología Clínica, 3202 Epidemiolog?a, Epidemiología, Psicolog?a cl?nica, Evaluaci?n y diagn?stico en psicolog?a, epidemiología, psicolog?a cl?nica, 3202 Epidemiología, Neurosciences, psicología clínica, Tesis y disertaciones acad?micas, 2490 Neurociencias, neurociencias, Tesis Doctoral, Evaluación y diagnóstico en psicología

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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