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Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de aditivos plastificantes em organismos aquáticos

Authors: Candeias, Ana Catarina Montalto;

Avaliação da ecotoxicidade de aditivos plastificantes em organismos aquáticos

Abstract

Os aditivos do plástico, entre os quais os plastificantes, são substâncias adicionadas aos polímeros para modificar e melhorar as suas propriedades, adaptando-os às suas variadas aplicações. Contudo, a maioria destes aditivos não se encontram quimicamente ligados à matriz dos polímeros e podem ser libertados à medida que o plástico descartado no ambiente se acumula e degrada, causando efeitos negativos nos ecossistemas. Para melhor compreender esses efeitos no meio aquático, foram realizados bioensaios ecotoxicológicos de testes padronizados com os aditivos plastificantes ftalato de diisononil (DINP), ftalato de diisodecil (DIDP) e tereftalato de dioctil (DOTP). Como organismos-teste foram selecionadas três espécies aquáticas de níveis tróficos distintos: a bactéria Aliivibrio fischeri, a microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata e o microcrustáceo Daphnia magna. Os bioensaios laboratoriais de toxicidade foram desenvolvidos de acordo com normas propostas por organizações internacionais. Consoante o organismo-teste, foram avaliados efeitos letais e sub-letais e, com os dados obtidos, foram calculados parâmetros de efeito relativos a cada substância. Neste estudo, verificou-se que o DOTP é mais tóxico do que o DINP e o DIDP nos bioensaios agudos com A. fischeri e D. magna. No entanto, no bioensaio crónico com D. magna, e no bioensaio crónico com R. subcapitata o DOTP foi o composto que apresentou menos toxicidade. Dos plastificante em estudo, o DINP foi o que apresentou maior toxicidade no ensaio crónico com D. magna, enquanto o DIDP foi o mais tóxico para R. subcapitata.

Plastic additives, including plasticisers, are substances added to polymers to modify and improve their properties, adapting them to their applications. However, most of these additives are not chemically bound to the polymer matrix and can be released as the plastic, when disposed of in the environment, accumulates and degrades, causing negative effects on ecosystems. To better understand these effects on the aquatic environment, standardized ecotoxicological bioassays were carried out with the plasticizing additives diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DOTP). Three aquatic species from different trophic levels were selected as test organisms: the bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri, the micro-alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and the microcrustacean Daphnia magna. The laboratory toxicity bioassays were developed according to standards proposed by international organizations. Depending on the test organism, lethal and sub-lethal effects were assessed and, with the data obtained, effect parameters were calculated for each substance. In this study, DOTP was more toxic than DINP and DIDP in the acute bioassays with A. fischeri and D. magna. However, in the chronic bioassay with D. magna and in the chronic bioassay with R. subcapitata, DOTP was the least toxic compound. Of the plasticisers under study, DINP was the most toxic in the chronic test with D. magna, while DIDP was the most toxic to R. subcapitata.

Sociedade Ponto Verde

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Ecotoxicologia, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia do Ambiente, Raphidocelis subcapitata, Daphnia magna, Bioensaios, Aliivibrio fischeri

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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