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Caracterização e distribuição da microbiota gástrica obtida por citologia esfoliativa numa coorte portuguesa

Authors: Ferreira, Susana Maria Alves;

Caracterização e distribuição da microbiota gástrica obtida por citologia esfoliativa numa coorte portuguesa

Abstract

RESUMO Introdução: O estômago é considerado um meio extremamente hostil e visto, até recentemente, como um santuário estéril e uma barreira de proteção para o tubo digestivo mais distal. Embora escassos, alguns estudos comprovaram a existência da microbiota gástrica e a sua contribuição para a saúde, incluindo um papel potenciador ou protetor da inflamação induzida pela infeção do Helicobacter pylori. Até à data, o método de colheita de microbiota gástrica tem sido a biópsia gástrica ou o suco gástrico tendo como limitação serem muito invasivos ou pouco representativos do perfil mucoso. A citologia esfoliativa pode representar uma alternativa aos métodos descritos. Desta forma este estudo propõe-se caracterizar a microbiota gástrica numa coorte portuguesa com colheita de amostras por citologia esfoliativa. Metodologia: Os participantes foram recrutados na Unidade de Endoscopia do Hospital do SAMS. Foram colhidas as amostras por citologia esfoliativa durante a endoscopia digestiva alta no fundo, corpo e antro; depois congeladas e posteriormente processadas para extração de ADN e sequenciação para o gene 16S rRNA. Resultados: Entre os 50 participantes elegíveis, 76% eram do sexo feminino, a idade média era de 52±1,47 anos, 32% referiram sintomas dispépticos, 93% tinham lesões histológicas ligeiras e 28% com Helicobater pylori. A localização com maior abundância foi o antro. Os filos mais abundantes, nas três localizações, foram Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria e Firmicutes e os géneros mais abundantes, nas três localizações, foram Prevotella, Streptococus, Haemophilus, Neisseria e Yersinia. A avaliação da a-Diversidade, não mostrou diferenças entre as regiões nem a avaliação da b-Diversidade. A avaliação da microbiota e o status Helicobacter pylori revelou que o grupo Hp+ tinha menor abundância em todas as localizações gástricas e a b-Diversidade mostrou diferenças entre os grupos Hp+/Hp- ao nível do género. Conclusão: O perfil da microbiota gástrica aparenta uma proximidade com o intestinal e é diferente entre os grupos com e sem infeção por Hp. A infeção pelo Hp acompanhou-se da redução de abundância absoluta em todas as localizações. O filo Proteobacteria foi um dos mais abundantes, mas não à custa do género Helicobacter. A citologia esfoliativa demonstrou eficácia em caracterizar a microbiota gástrica e pode ser utilizado como um método de colheita menos invasivo. O local de colheita não constitui limitação, apesar do antro mostrar maior abundância absoluta não existem diferenças de diversidade entre as localizações gástricas. Verificou-se maior riqueza no grupo com baixa adesão à dieta mediterrânica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The stomach is considered an extremely hostile environment and seen, until recently, as a sterile sanctuary and protective barrier for the most distal digestive tract. Although scarce, studies have emerged with identification of the gastric microbiota and its contribution to human health, including the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori as a potentiator or protector of inflammation. To date, gastric microbiota has been assessed by biopsies or gastric fluid which represent limitations by being too invasive or inaccurately representing the mucosal profile. Exfoliative cytology may represent an alternative that can counteract these limitations. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the gastric microbiota in a Portuguese cohort by exfoliative cytology sample collection. Methodology: Participants were recruited as Hospital do SAMS Endoscopy Unit, samples were taken during upper digestive endoscopy from the fundus, body and antrum by exfoliative cytology, then frozen and subsequently processed for DNA extraction and sequencing for the 16S rRNA gene. Results: Fifty participants were eligible, 76% female, aged 52.80±1.47 years. 32% had dyspeptic symptoms, 93% had mild histological lesion and 28% had Helicobacter pylori. The location with the greatest bacterial abundance was the antrum. The most abundant phyla, in the three locations, were Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes and the most abundant genera in the three locations were Prevotella, Streptococus, Haemophilus, Neisseria and Yersinia. The a- Diversity assessment did not show differences between regions, nor did the b-Diversity assessment. Assessment of microbiota and Helicobacter pylori status revealed subjects in Hp+ group had lower abundance in all stomach locations and b-Diversity differed between Hp+/Hpgroups at the genera level. Conclusion: gastric microbiota profile seems closer to the intestinal microbiota and differs between Hp+ and Hp- groups. Hp infection was accompanied by a reduction in absolute abundance in all locations. Proteobacteria was one of the most abundant phyla, but not at the expense of genera Helicobacter. Exfoliative cytology demonstrated efficacy to characterize gastric microbiota and can be used as a less invasive sample collection method. The collection site is not a limitation, althougt the antrum shows greater absolute abundance, there are no differences in diversity between gastric locations. There was a greater richness in the group with low adherence to the mediterranean diet.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

exfoliative cytology, Helicobacter pylori, Gastric microbiota, Ciências Médicas, 16S rRNA

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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