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Caracterização de propriedades bioativas de plantas medicinais da Região Autónoma da Madeira

Authors: Perestrelo, José Edgar Lima;

Caracterização de propriedades bioativas de plantas medicinais da Região Autónoma da Madeira

Abstract

As plantas são utilizadas desde os primórdios da civilização humana, por serem uma fonte rica em nutrientes e em compostos bioativos que auxiliam no combate a doenças. Atualmente, a utilização de extratos de plantas por parte das indústrias farmacêutica, alimentar e cosmética tem sido cada vez mais recorrente, devido às suas propriedades bioativas que parecem conferir benefícios para a saúde dos consumidores e aumentar a estabilidade dos produtos. Neste trabalho foram estudados extratos hidroetanólicos de seis plantas vulgarmente utilizadas na medicina tradicional madeirense: Cedronella canariensis (hortelã-cabra), Globularia salicina (malfurada), Erica arborea (urze-molar), Rubus ulmifolius (silvado), Fumaria muralis (molarinha) e Sideroxylon marmulano (marmulano), com o objetivo de caracterizar melhor as suas propriedades bioativas, através da determinação do seu teor em compostos fenólicos totais e em flavonoides, e avaliação das suas atividades antioxidantes, antimicrobianas e antidiabéticas. A atividade antioxidante foi determinada através do estudo da capacidade redutora e da capacidade de sequestro dos radicais DPPH• e anião superóxido. A atividade antimicrobiana foi determinada pelo método por difusão em agar e pelo método da microdiluição, utilizando diversos microrganismos patogénicos. Determinou-se a atividade antidiabética pela capacidade de inibição das enzimas α-amilase e α-glucosidase. De entre as plantas analisadas, destaque para a urze-molar e para o marmulano, por apresentarem elevado potencial antioxidante, bem como atividade antidiabética e antimicrobiana, sendo as únicas a inibir o crescimento da totalidade das bactérias Gram-positivas testadas. Concordante com estes resultados, pode acrescentar-se que os extratos destas plantas foram também os que apresentaram maior teor em compostos fenólicos totais e flavonoides totais, o que sugere o envolvimento destes compostos nas atividades bioativas detetadas. Dos extratos estudados destaca-se igualmente o extrato de silvado por ter sido o que apresentou a maior capacidade para inibir a enzima α-glucosidase. Este estudo contribuiu para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a flora medicinal da Madeira, bem como valorizar o conhecimento tradicional sobre as propriedades das plantas usadas pelas populações

Plants have been used since the beginning of human civilization, as they are a rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds that help fight diseases. Currently, the use of plant extracts by the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries has been increasingly recurrent, due to their bioactive properties that seem to confer benefits to the health of consumers and increase the stability of products. In this work, extracts of six plants commonly used in traditional Madeiran medicine: Cedronella canariensis, Globularia salicina, Erica arborea, Rubus ulmifolius, Fumaria muralis and Sideroxylon marmulano, were studied, with the aim of better characterizing their bioactive properties, by determining their content in total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and evaluating their antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities. The antioxidant activity was determined through the reducing capacity and the scavenging capacity of the DPPH• radical and the superoxide anion radical. Antimicrobial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method and the microdilution method, using various pathogenic microorganisms. Antidiabetic activity was determined by the ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Among the plants analyzed, Erica arborea and Sideroxylon marmulano stand out, as they have high antioxidant potential as well as antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities, being the only ones that inhibit the growth of all the Gram-positive bacteria tested. In agreement with these results, it can be added that these plants were also the ones with the highest content of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids, which suggests the involvement of these compounds in the bioactive activities detected. Of the extracts studied, the Rubus ulmifolius extract also stands out because it has the highest capacity to inhibit the α-glucosidase. This study contributed to increase knowledge about the medicinal flora of Madeira, as well as to enhance traditional knowledge about the properties of plants used by the populations.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Atividade antioxidante, Diabetes mellitus, Compostos fenólicos, Atividade antimicrobiana, Plantas medicinais, Flora da Madeira, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Outras Engenharias e Tecnologias

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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