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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2021
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Surdez Neurossensorial Súbita

Authors: Veiga, Pedro Miguel Rodrigues;

Surdez Neurossensorial Súbita

Abstract

A surdez neurossensorial súbita (SNSS), ou surdez súbita (SS), é considerada uma urgência em Otorrinolaringologia (ORL), apesar de ainda não ser totalmente compreendida a sua fisiopatologia. É definida como uma perda de audição igual ou superior a 30 dB em três ou mais frequências audiométricas consecutivas, ocorrendo num período temporal inferior a 72 horas. Pode ser acompanhada de outros sintomas como acufenos e vertigens. A causa é idiopática na maioria dos casos, apesar de ser realizada uma investigação adequada. Várias teorias têm sido propostas como possíveis etiologias: compromisso vascular, causa viral, rotura de membranas do ouvido interno e autoimunidade. O diagnóstico faz-se através de uma avaliação audiométrica, acompanhada de uma história clínica e exame objetivo adequado. Para além disso, o uso de ressonância magnética (RM) está recomendado de forma a excluir patologia retrococlear, como nos casos de schwanoma vestibular. Os exames laboratoriais não estão recomendados como rotina. Como a maioria dos doentes tem SNSS de causa idiopática, o tratamento destes é empírico. A corticoterapia oral é a terapia usada como primeira linha. Esta pode ser acompanhada de oxigenoterapia hiperbárica ou corticoterapia intratimpânica, como tratamento inicial, sendo estes essencialmente usados também como tratamento de resgate. Outras terapias farmacológicas, como antivirais e vasodilatadores, não têm demonstrado eficácia. Nos casos de perda auditiva significativa após o episódio de SS deve ser ponderada a utilização de aparelhos auditivos, nomeadamente pelo recurso ao sistema Contralateral Routing of Signal (CROS). O prognóstico da recuperação auditiva em doentes com SNSS idiopática depende de múltiplos fatores, como a idade, fatores cardiovasculares, configuração inicial do audiograma, tempo de apresentação ao médico, a presença de sintomas vestibulares e acufenos, assim como marcadores inflamatórios.

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is considered an urgency in Otorhinolaryngology, despite its pathophysiology not being completely understood. It is defined as a hearing loss equal or superior than 30 dB on three or more consecutive audiometric frequencies, occurring in less than 72 hours. It may be accompanied by other symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo. The cause is idiopathic in most cases of SSNHL, despite appropriate investigation. Several theories have been proposed as possible etiologies: vascular compromise, viral cause, rupture of inner ear membranes and autoimmunity. The diagnosis is made through an audiometric evaluation, accompanied by a clinical history and an adequate physical examination. In addition, the use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging is recommended to exclude retrocochlear pathology, as in the case of vestibular schwannoma. Laboratory tests are not routinely recommended. As most patients have idiopathic SSNHL, their treatment is empirical. Oral corticotherapy is the initial therapy used. This therapy can be accompanied by hyperbaric oxygen therapy or intratympanic corticosteroid therapy, as an initial treatment, but being essentially used as salvage therapy. Other pharmacological therapies, such as antivirals and vasodilators, have not shown to be effective. In cases of significant hearing loss after the SSNHL, the use of hearing aids should be considered, particularly by using the Contralateral Routing of Signal (CROS) system. The prognosis of hearing recovery in patients with idiopathic SSNHL depends on multiple factors, such as age, cardiovascular factors, initial configuration of the audiogram, time of presentation to the physician, the presence of vestibular symptoms and tinnitus, as well as inflammatory markers.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Terapêutica, Surdez Súbita, Hearing Aids, Surdez Neurossensorial, Sudden Hearing Loss, Diagnóstico, Diagnosis, Aparelhos Auditivos, Therapeutics, Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green