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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2021
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Preliminary assessment of carnot batteries as an innovative electrical energy storage

Authors: Diogo, João Bernardo Cabral de Mascarenhas;

Preliminary assessment of carnot batteries as an innovative electrical energy storage

Abstract

O aumento da demanda mundial por energia (especialmente eletricidade), os custos crescentes da energia e as preocupações ambientais intensificadas são fatores que pressionam continuamente para a adoção de tecnologias para explorar as fontes de energia renováveis ​​(FER). No entanto, devido à participação cada vez maior de FER no cabaz energético, os sistemas de armazenamento de energia em grande escala são considerados essenciais para garantir a segurança do abastecimento dos sistemas energéticos.O objetivo deste trabalho surge da necessidade de encontrar uma nova forma de tecnologia de armazenamento de energia, que funcione sem qualquer restrição de localização, com materiais de baixo custo e elevada capacidade de armazenamento. A tecnologia estudada compreende a combinação de uma bomba de calor que transforma energia elétrica em energia térmica na fase de carga, que pode ser armazenada por várias horas a alguns dias, e um ciclo Rankine orgânico (ORC) que transforma a energia térmica armazenada em elétrica energia novamente na situação de descarga. Esta tecnologia é conhecida como Baterias CarnotTrês configurações diferentes das baterias Carnot foram testadas usando modelos criados no software de programação Matlab. O primeiro modelo é um modelo simples no qual a bomba de calor e o ciclo Rankine orgânico são descritos na configuração mais simples. O segundo modelo adiciona um novo estágio na bomba de calor e um regenerador de ciclo orgânico de Rankine. O terceiro e último modelo usa uma fonte de calor adicional (calor residual, geotérmico ou solar) para o ciclo.Seis fluidos de trabalho foram usados ​​para executar os testes nas três configurações, R1233zd (E), R1234yf, R11, R236ea, R245fa e iso-pentano. A segunda configuração torna o sistema mais complexo, mas aumenta a eficiência P2P em relação à primeira. A terceira configuração atinge eficiências P2P superiores a 100%, onde a energia elétrica resultante do sistema é maior que a fornecida. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando a terceira configuração com iso-pentano como fluido de trabalho.

Increased world-wide demand for energy (especially electricity), rising energy costs, and heightened environmental concerns are factors that continually press for the adoption of technologies to exploit the renewable energy sources (RES). However, due to the ever increasing share of RES in the energy mix, large-scale energy storage systems are considered essential to ensure the security of supply in energy systems.The purpose of this work arises from the need to find a new form of energy storage technology, which works without any restriction of location, with low-cost materials and a high storage capacity. The technology studied comprehends a combination of a heat pump that transforms electrical energy into thermal energy in the charge phase, that can be stored for several hours to a few days, and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) that transforms the thermal stored energy in electrical energy again in the discharge situation. This technology is known as Carnot BatteriesThree different configurations of the Carnot Batteries were tested using models created in Matlab programming software. The first model is a simple model in which both the heat pump and the organic Rankine cycle are described in the simplest configuration. The second model adds a new stage in the heat pump and an organic Rankine's cycle regenerator. The third and last model uses an additional heat source (waste heat, geothermal or solar) to the cycle.Six working fluids were used to run the tests in the three configurations, R1233zd(E), R1234yf, R11, R236ea, R245fa, and iso-pentane. The second configuration makes the system more complex but increases the P2P efficiency relatively to the first one. The third configuration achieves P2P efficiencies higher than 100%, where the resulting electrical energy of the system is bigger than the provided one. The best results were obtained using the third configuration with iso-pentane as the working fluid.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Organic Rankine Cycle, Fluído de trabalho, Working fluid, Bomba de calor, Armazenamento de energia, Waste heat, Energy Storage, Ciclo Orgânico de Rankine, Heat Pump

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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