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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2020
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Benefícios dos inibidores dos transportadores sódio-glicose na terapêutica dos doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1

Authors: Cordeiro, David Rafael Oliveira;

Benefícios dos inibidores dos transportadores sódio-glicose na terapêutica dos doentes com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1

Abstract

A Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é um grupo de distúrbios do metabolismo da glicose, que se caracteriza por um estado de hiperglicemia crónica e que afeta 387 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. Na Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DMT1) existe um défice total ou quase total de insulina e o tratamento baseia-se na administração exógena desta hormona, no entanto, 1/3 destes doentes não atinge os valores glicémicos alvo. A dificuldade do controlo glicémico e as complicações associadas à insulinoterapia alertaram para a necessidade de encontrar alternativas terapêuticas farmacológicas. O mecanismo de ação independente da insulina, bem como os resultados obtidos em estudos na Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DMT2), tornaram os inibidores dos transportadores sódio-glicose (iSGLT) alvos de estudo para o uso na DMT1.Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, recorrendo às bases de dados PubMed e Cochrane, publicada na língua inglesa, entre janeiro de 2009 e julho de 2019, e identificaram-se os trabalhos sobre o uso dos iSGLT2 na DMT1.Constatou-se que os iSGLT, como terapêutica de associação à insulinoterapia, produziram reduções significativas na hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), para além de reduções no peso corporal, nas doses de insulina diárias, na variabilidade glicémica nas 24 horas e melhoria em relação a fatores de risco cardiovasculares e renais. A hipoglicemia não aumentou com o uso destes fármacos, no entanto, apesar das expectativas depositadas nesta classe, com o evoluir dos estudos verificou-se que estes apresentam diversos efeitos adversos, tais como o aumento de infeções urinárias e genitais, alterações gastrointestinais (GI), como diarreia, e episódios de cetoacidose diabética.Este estudo suporta os benefícios do uso das gliflozinas em terapêutica de associação à insulina na DMT1, precavendo, no entanto, para o aumento do risco de eventos adversos, com principal relevo para aumento do risco de cetoacidose diabética.

Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by glicosis metabolism disorders in which there is a chronic hyperglycemic state. This disease affects 387 million of people in the world. In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus there is a total insulin deficiency and treatment is done with the administration of exogenous insulin. One third of diabetic people have bad glycemic control. A bad glycemic control and the adverse effects caused by insulin therapy created the need for the development of alternative pharmacologic therapies. The insulin-independent mechanism of action of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) showed that this class could be beneficial as add-on therapy in Type 1 Diabetes.A literature search conducted using databases PubMed and Cochrane, identified papers, wrote in English, published between January 2009 and July 2019, related to use of SGLT2i in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes.SGLT2i produced significant glycated hemoglobin reductions as an add-on to insulin therapy. They also reduced weight, daily insulin doses, glycemic variability and there were improvements in cardiovascular and renal outcomes. There was not increment on hypoglycemia incidence, however, it was verified that these inhibitors have some adverse effects, like the risk of genital mycotic infections, urinary tract infections, gastrointestinal adverse effects like diarrhea and episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis.This paper supports gliflozin use benefits as a add-on therapy in Type 1 Diabetes, however with some cares mainly about the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Sodium-glucose transporter inhibitors, Inibidores dos transportadores sódio-glicose, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green