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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2020
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Profilaxia Antibiótica em Cirurgia Dermatológica

Authors: Dias, Filipa da Silva Gonçalves;

Profilaxia Antibiótica em Cirurgia Dermatológica

Abstract

Antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery is controversial. It is mostly used for the prevention of surgical site infections, but also to prevent infective endocarditis and hematogenous joint infections. Its routine use has been discouraged by several guidelines and recommendations and must be reserved only for situations associated with a higher risk of infection. However, several studies show an excessive use of antibiotics by the dermatologic surgeons. This inappropriate use can lead to severe consequences, like undesirable adverse effects and increasing antibiotic resistance. Dermatologic surgical site infections consist of signs of infection in the surgical site occurring in the first 30 days after a surgical procedure, supported by positive cultural results. Despite its low incidence in dermatologic surgery, certain risk factors (related to the patient, the surgery and the environment) can predispose to surgical site infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis must be considered based on a personalized approach, considering patient’s comorbidities and the type of procedure being done. Although they are rarely associated with dermatologic surgical procedures, infective endocarditis and hematogenous joint infection must be considered as possible infections that may require antibiotic prophylaxis.Therefore, when the prescription of prophylactic antibiotics in dermatologic surgery is considered, it is recommended to carefully evaluate the benefits and risks, considering the individual aspects of each patient, the potential adverse effects, the additional costs and the antibiotic resistance that may result from an indiscriminate use of these drugs. Also, for the prevention of infections and reduction of antibiotic prescription in dermatologic surgery, it is important to adopt other routine measures, like the strict adhesion to aseptic strategies as the use of antiseptic agents.This revision article presents the current knowledge on the use of antibiotics in dermatologic surgery, analyzing the different aspects and situations in which antibiotherapy is justified, and suggests a decision-making tool to be used by dermatologic surgeons for the prevention of infections. However, new recommendations, specific for dermatologic surgery, need to be developed by the authority groups.

A profilaxia com recurso a antibióticos (AB) em cirurgia dermatológica (CD) é controversa. É utilizada principalmente para prevenção de infeções do local cirúrgico (ILC), mas também de endocardite infeciosa (EI) e infeções de prótese articular (IPA). O seu uso por rotina tem sido desaconselhado por várias guidelines e recomendações, devendo ser reservado apenas para situações cujo maior risco de infeção o justifique. No entanto, há estudos que identificam um uso excessivo de AB pelos cirurgiões dermatologistas. Este uso inapropriado pode ter consequências graves, nomeadamente efeitos adversos indesejáveis e resistência antibacteriana crescente.As ILC dermatológicas definem-se como sinais indicativos de infeção que surgem no local cirúrgico até 30 dias após a cirurgia, apoiados por resultados positivos no exame de cultura. Apesar de a sua incidência ser baixa em CD, esta pode aumentar na presença de determinados fatores de risco (FR) do próprio doente, cirúrgicos ou ambientais. A profilaxia destas infeções deve ser considerada com base numa abordagem personalizada, tendo em conta as comorbilidades do doente e o procedimento a ser efetuado. Também a EI e a IPA, embora raramente associadas a CD, são possíveis infeções a ter em conta e que podem requerer profilaxia antibiótica.Assim, quando for considerada a prescrição de AB para profilaxia de infeções em CD, é recomendada uma avaliação criteriosa e personalizada dos riscos e benefícios, considerando os potenciais efeitos adversos, custos adicionais e resistência aos AB, que podem advir do seu uso indiscriminado. Ainda, tendo em vista a prevenção das infeções e a redução da prescrição de AB em CD, são aconselhadas outras medidas de rotina, nomeadamente a adesão rigorosa a estratégias de assepsia, como o uso de agentes antisséticos. Este artigo de revisão expõe o conhecimento atual acerca do uso de AB em CD, analisando os vários aspetos implicados e as situações em que a antibioterapia é justificada, e sugere um algoritmo de decisão a utilizar pelos cirurgiões dermatologistas para a prevenção de infeções. Há, no entanto, necessidade de novas recomendações específicas para a CD por parte das entidades competentes.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Dermatológicos, Profilaxia por Antibióticos, Infecção do Sítio Cirúrgico, Dermatologic Surgical Procedures, Drug Resistance, Surgical Wound Infection, Resistência a Antibióticos, Antibiotic Prophylaxis

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    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green