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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2021
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Jurisdição Extraterritorial: a Solução para Violações dos Direitos Humanos pelas Empresas Transnacionais?

Authors: Kiseleva, Maria Aleksandrovna;

Jurisdição Extraterritorial: a Solução para Violações dos Direitos Humanos pelas Empresas Transnacionais?

Abstract

À luz da globalização económica, o paradigma da supremacia estadual foi gradualmente ultrapassado, dando lugar a uma nova realidade. Os atores não estaduais, como as empresas transnacionais, são atualmente possuidores de grande influência política, exercendo um poder significativo nos assuntos públicos e afetando, por fim, a vida das populações. Infelizmente, os efeitos das atividades empresariais acarretam muitas vezes graves violações de direitos humanos, nomeadamente em países em desenvolvimento. Tendo em vista o cenário atual de expansão corporativa e as dificuldades de responsabilização das empresas transnacionais por violações de direitos humanos, há que procurar outros meios para imputar a estas entidades os prejuízos causados pelas suas filiais em países terceiros. Nesta dissertação, examinaremos a possibilidade de garantir a responsabilidade das empresas através das normas de jurisdição. Irá ser feito um estudo das hipóteses que nos conferem os preceitos do regime jurisdicional atual no direito internacional no geral, e no direito da União Europeia em particular. Posteriormente, passar-se-á a uma análise de práticas estaduais e jurisprudência, no que concerne a processos judiciais de empresas e direitos humanos, de forma a entender as bases de jurisdição utilizadas por tribunais no continente Europeu, Estados Unidos da América e Canadá. Por fim, discutir-se-ão as perspetivas futuras da responsabilização empresarial. Serão analisadas duas propostas de documentos legalmente vinculativos atualmente em discussão: no âmbito da União Europeia, a esperada proposta de Diretiva da Comissão Europeia que estipule um processo de Due Diligence obrigatório para as empresas sediadas na UE; nas Nações Unidas, o longo debate para a elaboração de um instrumento juridicamente vinculativo para empresas transnacionais - atualmente, o Third Revised Draft.

In light of economic globalization, the paradigm of state supremacy has been gradually overcome, giving way to a new reality. Non-state actors, such as transnational corporations, are now possessors of great political influence, exerting significant power in public affairs and ultimately affecting the lives of populations. Unfortunately, the effects of business activities often entail serious human rights violations, particularly in developing countries. Given the current scenario of corporate expansion and the difficulties in holding transnational corporations accountable for human rights violations, other means must be sought to impute to these entities the damages caused by their subsidiaries in third countries. In this dissertation, we will examine the possibility of ensuring corporate liability through jurisdiction rules. A study will be made of the possibilities offered by the current jurisdictional rules in international law in general, and in European Union law in particular. Subsequently, an analysis of state practices and jurisprudence concerning business and human rights litigation will be undertaken in order to understand the bases of jurisdiction used by courts in continental Europe, the United States of America, and Canada. Finally, future perspectives for corporate accountability will be discussed. Two proposals for legally binding documents currently under discussion will be analyzed: within the European Union, the European Commission's long awaited proposal for a Directive stipulating a mandatory Due Diligence process for EU-based corporations; within the United Nations, the long debate for the elaboration of a legally binding instrument for transnational corporations - currently the Third Revised Draft.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Jurisdição, Extraterritoriality, Direitos Humanos, Accountability of transnational corporations, Human rights, Jusrisdiction, Devida diligência, Extraterritorialidade, Responsabilidade das empresas transnacionais, Due diligence

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
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