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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2020
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Para além de uma paz liberal: uma avaliação do statebuilding no Afeganistão

Authors: Ferreira, Fernanda Cristina Alvarenga;

Para além de uma paz liberal: uma avaliação do statebuilding no Afeganistão

Abstract

Esta dissertação busca fundamentalmente compreender e questionar as formas prevalecentes de peacebuilding que têm dominado a agenda de paz ocidental desde os anos 1990. Através do estudo de caso da intervenção estadunidense no Afeganistão em 2001, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a relação entre a agenda liberal de paz e o fracasso do statebuilding implantado pelos Estados Unidos no Afeganistão. Este trabalho questiona em que medida o peacebuilding centrado no statebuilding a partir de um modelo de paz liberal tem contribuído para o fim do conflito no Afeganistão? Como se pode avaliar o projeto estadunidense no país? Neste sentido, o trabalho revisita a literatura sobre as operações de paz emergentes no contexto de pós-Guerra Fria para trazer contribuições no campo da teoria de Relações Internacionais que vigoraram neste período e, em um segundo momento, oferece alternativas epistemológicas quanto ao pensar e repensar a construção da paz. Esta dissertação defende que a exportação da paz liberal e o peacebuilding liberal no Afeganistão, Estado que não possui familiaridade com os preceitos liberais, dificulta a viabilidade da resolução do conflito e acaba por enfraquecer as instituições que tinham por objetivo servir ao statebuilding liberal, criando um vácuo de poder no Estado e assim abrindo espaço para o escalonamento do conflito civil. A investigação conclui que a tentativa de construção da paz no Afeganistão não obteve sucesso e não trouxe, em nenhuma instância, a paz devido ao modelo de exportação da democracia e de preceitos liberais equivocadamente universalizados que os três presidentes norte-americanos adotaram em sua estratégia de ação no país. Sem uma abordagem mais social, histórica e cultural no processo de paz, as possibilidades de se construir unidade social e legitimidade governamental limitaram-se ao estabelecimento de instituições administrativas fracas, não operacionais e que não dialogam com, ou representam a sociedade afegã. A metodologia adotada é uma abordagem qualitativa do peacebuilding liberal com aplicação do estudo de caso supramencionado.

This dissertation fundamentally seeks to understand and question the prevailing forms of peacebuilding that have been leading the Western peace agenda since the 1990s. Through the case study of the American intervention in Afghanistan in 2001, the objective of the work is to analyze the relationship between the liberal peace agenda and the failure of the US-built statebuilding in Afghanistan. This dissertation questions to what extent has statebuilding based peacebuilding from a liberal peace model contributed to the end of the conflict in Afghanistan? How can the American project in the country be assessed? In this sense, the work revisits the literature on emerging peace operations in the post-Cold War context to bring contributions in the field of International Relations theory that were in force during this period and, in a second moment, offers epistemological alternatives to rethink peacebuilding. This dissertation argues that the export of liberal peace and liberal peacebuilding in Afghanistan, a state that is unfamiliar with liberal precepts, hinders the feasibility of resolving the conflict and ends up weakening the institutions that aimed to serve liberal statebuilding, creating a power vacuum in the state and thus opening space for the escalation of civil conflict. The investigation concludes that the attempt to build peace in Afghanistan was unsuccessful and did not, in any instance, bring peace due to the export model of democracy and mistakenly universalized liberal precepts that the three American presidents adopted in their strategy in the country. Without a more social, historical and cultural approach to the peace process, the possibilities for building social unity and governmental legitimacy were limited to the establishment of weak, non-operational administrative institutions that do not dialogue with, or represent Afghan society. The methodology applied is a qualitative approach of liberal peacebuilding applied to the case study mentioned above.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Relações Internacionais - Estudos da Paz, Segurança e Desenvolvimento apresentada à Faculdade de Economia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Post-liberal peace, Peacebuilding, Afghanistan, Democracia Liberal, Liberal Democracy, Paz pós-liberal, Afeganistão

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green