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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2019
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Restituição do Lucro Ilícito pela Violação de Direitos de Personalidade

Authors: Mendes, Pedro Manuel Pimenta;

Restituição do Lucro Ilícito pela Violação de Direitos de Personalidade

Abstract

Na sociedade hodierna, a consulta de meios de informação e comunicação encontra-se cada vez mais facilitada. Os vários meios de comunicação viram-se cada vez mais para um objetivo de obtenção de lucros. Para cumprirem esse desidrato, procuram ir ao encontro da curiosidade do público, lançando notícias violadoras de direitos de personalidade, normalmente de figuras públicas, de modo a aumentarem as suas vendas. Muitas vezes, estes órgãos atuam tendo em conta um raciocínio de cariz estritamente económico: se chegarem à conclusão de que um determinado comportamento irá gerar um lucro, as condutas que forem necessárias para a obtenção do mesmo não são excluídas. Segue-se aqui a máxima de “o lucro compensa”.Nesta dissertação, procuraremos analisar se existe no ordenamento jurídico português um instituto apto e adequado para retirar ao agente o lucro obtido ilicitamente pela violação de direitos de personalidade. Concluímos que o instituto da responsabilidade civil não é apto para resolver o problema. O instituto possui uma finalidade essencialmente reparadora, centrada na noção de dano. Excluímos, assim, qualquer finalidade punitiva primária, pelo que a abertura à admissibilidade do pagamento de danos punitivos ou de uma compensação punitiva não deve proceder. Concluímos também que o instituto da gestão de negócios não é igualmente adequado para a resolução do problema. Soa estranho ao nosso pensamento que o dono do negócio, para conseguir que o lucro do gestor lhe seja restituído, tenha de aprovar a gestão, reembolsá-lo de determinadas despesas e ainda indemnizá-lo pelo prejuízo que haja sofrido.Por último, julgamos que o enriquecimento sem causa cumpre o objetivo da dissertação: este instituto permite a restituição do lucro ilícito pela violação de direitos de personalidade. No entanto, pensamos também que este instituto não possui suficientes efeitos preventivos. Iremos, assim, propor uma alteração ao Código Civil numa próxima reforma legislativa.

Nowadays, information is easily accessible to everyone, due to its dissemination in data bases. Moreover, media have turned to a profit-making goal strategy. In order to fulfil this goal, they target public curiosity by launching news that violate personality rights, usually from public figures, in order to increase their sales. Usually, these agents act on strictly economic grounds; so, if they reach the conclusion that a certain particular behaviour will generate profit, such behaviour is not excluded even if it involves the unlawfulness of the conduct. According to the popular saying, “profit pays off”.In the pages below, we will try to analyse if there is, in the Portuguese legal order, any suitable and appropriate institute to withdraw agents’ profit obtained unlawfully due to the violation of personality rights.We conclude that tort law is not apt to solve all the problems. Tort law is largely dominated by corrective justice and centred in the notion of harm. Its main goal is the compensation of damages. Although some scholars defend the condemnation of the defendant in punitive damages, we think that the Portuguese legal order does not allow such mechanism. Therefore, we exclude any punitive goals for tort law. We also conclude that business management institute is not either suitable for solving this problem. In fact, it seems doubtable that the owner of the business, in order to get the manager’s profit back, has to approve the management, reimburse him of certain expenses and compensate him for any loss he may have suffered.On the contrary, unjust enrichment can solve the problem in a limited way. The institute allows the restitution of any illicit profit generated by the violation of personality rights. However, deterrence can be compromised. Thus, we will propose an amendment to Civil Code in a forthcoming legislative reform.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Illegal Profit, Punitive Damages, Personality Rights, Lucro ilícito, Tort Law, Danos Punitivos, Danos Não Patrimoniais, Non-Pecuniary Damages, Direitos de Personalidade, Responsabilidade Civil

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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