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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2019
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Espasmos Epiléticos: Caracterização Clínica e Neurofisiológica

Authors: Correia, Sónia Gomes;

Espasmos Epiléticos: Caracterização Clínica e Neurofisiológica

Abstract

Introdução: Os espasmos epiléticos (EE) são um dos tipos de crises mais frequentes em idade pediátrica e integram variados síndromes eletroclínicos.Objetivo: Caracterizar os EE enquanto fenómeno clínico, identificando características clínicas, neurofisiológicas, etiológicas e prognósticas.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo e retrospetivo, baseado na revisão dos processos clínicos das crianças diagnosticadas com espasmos epiléticos, entre 1998 e 2018, no Hospital Pediátrico de Coimbra. Analisou-se: género, história pregressa, antecedentes familiares, idade de início, semiologia clínica, desenvolvimento psicomotor, investigação imagiológica, genética e metabólica, resposta ao tratamento, síndrome eletroclínico e diagnóstico etiológico. Resultados: Foram estudadas 99 crianças, 52,5% do género masculino, que apresentavam EE com idade de início entre os 15 dias e os 11 anos. Segundo os registos, os EE foram simétricos em 52,8% (38/72), assimétricos em 33,3% (24/72); 42,9% (42/98) foram em extensão; 36,7% (36/98) em flexão e 20,4% (20/98) espasmos mistos. Oitenta e três por cento (82/99) dos espasmos estavam associados outro tipo de crise epilética. A caracterização eletroencefalográfica identificou hipsarritmia em 41,4% (41/99), atividade paroxística focal/multifocal em 33,3% (33/99) e atividade paroxística generalizada em 11,1% (11/99). Apenas 10 crianças (10,4%) controlaram os espasmos em monoterapia, sendo que 68,8% (66/96) foram farmacorresistentes. Os antiepiléticos mais utilizados foram a Vigabatrina 53,1% (51/96), Valproato de Sódio 20,8% (20/96) e Fenobarbital 8,3% (8/96). A quase totalidade da amostra (90,8%-91/98) apresentou alterações do neurodesenvolvimento: atraso de desenvolvimento global em 75,5% (74/98) e perturbação do espetro do autismo em 11,2% (11/98). Em 70% identificou-se um síndrome eletroclínico: West em 53.5%, Encefalopatia epilética de início precoce em 11% e Lennox-Gastaut em 5%. Quanto à etiologia, 33% apresentavam uma causa estrutural, 21% genética; 13% múltipla, 6% metabólica, 3% infeciosa e 23% desconhecida.Conclusão: Os espasmos epiléticos integram epilepsias da primeira infância maioritariamente farmacorresistentes, com polimorfismo de crises, associando graves problemas de neurodesenvolvimento e em que a principal etiologia é a estrutural.

Introduction: Epileptic spasms (EE) are one of the most frequent seizures types in the pediatric age and they integrate a variety of electroclinical syndromes.Objective: To characterize EE as a clinical phenomenon identifying their clinical, neurophysiological, aetiological and prognostic characteristics.Material and Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study, based on the review of the clinical processes of children diagnosed with EE between 1998 and 2018, at the Pediatric Hospital of Coimbra. We analysed: gender, previous personal history, family history, age of onset, clinical semiology, psychomotor development, imaging data, genetic and metabolic investigation, response to treatment, electroclinical syndrome and etiological diagnosis. Results: We studied 99 children, in which 52.5% were male, with age of onset of EE ranging from 15 days to 11 years. Clinically, the EE were symmetrical in 52.8% (38/72) and asymmetrical in 33.3% (24/72); 42.9% (42/98) in extension; 36.7% (36/98) in flexion and 20.4% (20/98) were mixed. Eighty-three percent (82/99) were associated with another type of epileptic seizure. The electroencephalographic characterization identified hypsarrhythmia in 41.4% (41/99), focal/multifocal paroxysmal activity in 33.3% (33/99) and generalized paroxysmal activity in 11.1% (11/99). Only 10 children (10.4%) were able to controlled the spasms in monotherapy; and 68.8% (66/96) were drug-resistant. The most commonly used antiepileptics were: Vigabatrin, prescribed in 53.1% (51/96), followed by Sodium Valproate in 20.8% (20/96) and Phenobarbital at 8.3% (8/96). The majority of the cases (90.8% - 91/98) presented with neurodevelopment changes: overall developmental delay in 75.5% (74/98) and autism spectrum disorder in 11.2% (11/98). In 70% of the patients an electroclinical syndrome was identified: West Syndrome in 53.5%, Epileptic encephalopathy of early onset in 11%, and Lennox-Gastaut in 5%. Regarding the aetiology, 33% were structural, 21% genetic; 13% multiple, 6% metabolic, 3% infectious and 23% unknown.Conclusion: Epileptic spasms are presented in mainly drug-resistant epilepsies, associated with seizures polymorphism and severe neurodevelopment problems, and the main aetiology is structural.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pediatria, Espasmos Epiléticos, Epilepsy, Etiologia, Prognóstico, Aetiology, Prognosis, Pediatrics, Epileptic Spasms, Epilepsia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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