Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2019
Data sources: Estudo Geral
addClaim

Microbioma e Cancro

Authors: Guerra, Catarina Gonçalves;

Microbioma e Cancro

Abstract

A pesquisa e investigação em torno do microbioma humano, especialmente o microbiota intestinal, tem sofrido um drástico aumento nos últimos anos e diversos cientistas espalhados por todo o mundo exploram este tópico. O microbiota intestinal é composto por todos os microrganismos que habitam esta parte do corpo humano e tem um papel crucial na modulação de diversas funções biológicas como na resposta imunológica, inflamação,hematopoiese, metabolismo, entre outras. O microbiota pode ser constituído por diferentes microrganismos tendo em consideração as diferentes partes do corpo que habitam. Para além disso, os microrganismos comensais podem variar de pessoa para pessoa considerando algumas características do hospedeiro como a idade, o tipo de nascimento, o estilo de vida(por exemplo a dieta), as patologias e respetivos tratamentos, entre outros. O microbiota intestinal tem sido igualmente associado a diversas patologias incluindo a doença inflamatória intestinal, gastrite, obesidade e todos os tipos de cancro. Em diversos casos, uma certa situação patológica está associada a uma alteração na composição do microbiota, disbiose, quer ao nível da sua composição quer da frequência relativa das espécies. Sendo o cancro considerado uma das doenças mais mortais atualmente, o aprofundamento deste tópico é crucial e obrigatório. Sabe-se que o microbiota está envolvido no início,progressão e disseminação do cancro, mas que, para além disso, desempenha um papel crucial no controlo dos efeitos adversos e no aumento da eficácia da terapêutica. Esta monografia pretende abordar definições e conceitos cruciais relativos ao microbioma humano e pretende também explorar a sua influência na modulação da terapêuticado cancro, incluindo quimioterapia, radioterapia e imunoterapia. Os inibidores do checkpointimunológico, como os anticorpos anti-CTLA4 e anti-PDL1, um tema relevante do momento que deu origem ao Prémio Nobel da Fisiologia ou Medicina 2018, também vão ser explorados neste trabalho. Além disso, esta monografia visa especificar as espécies envolvidas em cada processo e os seus mecanismos de ação e pretende ainda explorar a possibilidade de ter como alvo o microbiota, para ser possível aumentar o efeito antitumoral e para se poder prevenir a toxicidade de fármacos. Por último, o presente trabalho pretende descrever e explorar uma abordagem recente relativa ao microbiota intestinal, o transplante fecal de microbiota (FMT).

Research regarding human microbiome, especially the gut microbiota, has increased in the last years and several scientists around the world are exploring this topic. The gut microbiota is composed of all the microorganisms that inhabit this part of the human body and has a crucial role in modulating several biological functions as the immunity response,inflammation, hematopoiesis, metabolism, among others. Additionally, it is known that the microbiota can be constituted by different microorganisms taking into consideration the part of the body that inhabits. Moreover, the commensal microorganisms can also vary from person to person considering some characteristics of the host such as the moment of life, the birthing process, the lifestyle (diet as an example), the pathology and treatments, among others.The gut microbiota has also been associated with several pathologies including inflammatory bowel disease, gastritis, obesity and all types of cancer. In several cases, a certain pathological situation is associated with an alteration of the microbiota’s composition, dysbiosis, regarding either the species or the relative frequency of them. Being cancer considered as one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, the exploration and deepening of the influence of microbiota on this disease is crucial and mandatory. Microbiota is known to be involved in cancer initiation, progression and dissemination. Moreover, it can play a crucial role in controlling the adverse effects and improving the efficacy of the therapy.This monography intends to approach crucial definitions and concepts regarding human microbiome and proposes also to explore its influence in modulating the therapeutics of cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunotherapy. The immune checkpointinhibitors, as anti-CTLA4 and anti-PDL1 antibodies, a relevant topic at the moment that gave rise to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2018, will also be explored in the present work. Additionally, this monography aims to specify the species involved in each process and their mechanism of action and intends to explore the possibility of targeting the microbiota to improve the antitumoral effect and prevent drug-associated toxicity. Lastly, the present work proposes to describe and explore a recent approach regarding gut microbiota, the fecal microbiota transfer (FMT).

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

immune system, sistema imunitário, imunoterapia, cancro, microbiome, cancer, immunotherapy, microbioma, chemotherapy, quimioterapia

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research