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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2019
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Terapia Génica na Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1

Authors: Branco, Marta Salvado Abreu Castelo;

Terapia Génica na Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1

Abstract

O tema da minha monografia é "Terapia Génica na Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1". Na verdade, a Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica com elevada prevalência a nível mundial, cuja incidência aumenta de ano para ano. A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, um dos tipos de diabetes existente, resulta, maioritariamente, da destruição auto-imune das células β pancreáticas, e, consequentemente, está associada a um défice absoluto de insulina endógena. Atualmente, a terapêutica convencional da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 envolve a insulinoterapia exógena,que promove um controlo dos níveis de glicose, mas permanecem riscos de hipoglicémia e de complicações micro e macrovasculares associadas à hiperglicémia que afetam a qualidade de vida dos utentes, havendo assim necessidade de desenvolvimento de novas alternativas terapêuticas que melhorem o panorama atual. Neste contexto, a terapia génica surgiu como umas das potenciais alternativas para este tipo de diabetes.A terapia génica recorre à utilização de ácidos nucleicos, DNA ou RNA, para obter efeitos terapêuticos. No âmbito da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, a terapia génica pode modular o sistema imunitário ou repor os níveis de insulina, através da promoção da regeneração de células β pancreáticas ou através da indução da produção de insulina em células não β, nomeadamente nos hepatócitos. Ao longo desta revisão sistemática serão contextualizadas as várias estratégias de terapia génica aplicadas à Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, explanando as suas vantagens, limitações e perspetivas futuras.

The theme of my monography is "Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Gene Therapy". Actually, the Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease with a high prevalence worldwide, whose number of cases increases every year. Type I Diabetes Mellitus is one of the existing types of diabetes, in most cases an autoimmune disease resulting from the destruction of pancreatic β cells and as a consequence associated with a complete deficit of endogenous insulin. Presently, the conventional therapeutic treatment of type I Diabetes Mellitus involves administration of recombinant insulin, that promotes a control of glucose levels, but still prone to micro and macrovascular complications associated with hyperglycemia and risks associated with hypoglycemia. These complications affect the quality of life of patients, and therefore new therapeutic alternatives are desirable to improve the current situation. In this context, gene therapy emerged has a potential solution for this disorder. Gene Therapy uses nucleic acids such as DNA or RNA to produce therapeutic effects. Within the scope of type I Diabetes Mellitus, gene therapy can modulate the immune system or reinstate the levels of insulin, through the induction of regeneration of pancreatic β cells or through the production of insulin in non β cells, in particulary hepatocytes. Over this systematic revision, the main strategies of gene therapy applied to type I Diabetes Mellitus will be contextualized, explaining the advantages, the limitations and the future perspectives.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diferenciação, Transdifferentiation, Terapia Génica, Transdiferenciação, Differentiation, Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, Type I Diabetes Mellitus, Células β pancreáticas, Gene Therapy, Pancreatic β cells

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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