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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Assays of In vitro germination of kiwi pollen

Authors: Marques, José Eduardo Nunes;

Assays of In vitro germination of kiwi pollen

Abstract

Actinidia deliciosa apresenta um paladar e aparência distintivo que tornaram este cultivar no mais exportado de todas as espécies de kiwi.Nos dias de hoje, Portugal ocupa a décima terceira posição no ranking mundial de produção de kiwi. O comércio de Actinidia deliciosa, em Portugal, sofreu bastantes flutuações. A bactéria do PSA, a inexistência de genótipos apropriados para o nosso clima e solo, e a inconstante polinização natural são alguns dos fatores que tornam a produção de kiwi instável. Uma melhor polinização e germinação dos grãos de pólen resulta em frutos com maior número de sementes que irá afetar diretamente o calibre do fruto. Consequentemente, a polinização é um dos fatores que tem maior impacto na produção da vinha e, por isso, os produtores começaram a investir na polinização artificial de modo a tornar as colheitas mais uniformes.Muitos investigadores descreveram a importância do Período Eficaz de Polinização e como a polinização afeta diretamente a produção. Neste contexto, esta tese focou-se na determinação de quando o pólen está mais apto para polinizar e germinar, e em desenvolver um novo pólen extender capaz de aumentar a produção.Ensaios de germinação revelaram que o pólen recolhido de ramos jovens e de flores em estados mais precoces no seu desenvolvimento apresentam taxas de germinação mais elevadas (91%) e, portanto, estão mais eficazes na polinização. O pólen mostrou ser igualmente capaz de desenvolver o tubo polínico no pistilo de flores femininas quando a polinização ocorreu in vitro.Apesar do pólen fresco ter taxas de germinação mais elevadas, pólen apropriadamente armazenado consegue manter uma alta capacidade germinativa (83%) e pode até apresentar resultados mais elevados quando aplicado juntamente com hormonas e um agente espessante. De forma a otimizar a polinização artificial, desenvolveu-se um novo pólen extender composto por 2,4-D + IBA (1mg/L cada), carragenanas 0,5% e sacarose 2M, que mostrou resultados muito interessantes, tendo-se obtido um aumento na taxa de germinação de cerca de 10% (92%) e um aumento no alongamento do tubo polínico que chegou aos 1,4 mm.Estes resultados são bastante promissores. Futuros testes em campo poderão são necessários para se este novo pólen extender pode ser aplicado com sucesso na polinização artificial desta espécie.

Actinidia deliciosa presents a distinctive flavor and appearance that made this cultivar become the most exported of all kiwi species. At the moment, Portugal occupies the 13th position on the world ranking of production of kiwi. Actinidia deliciosa commerce in Portugal faces some fluctuations. PSA bacteria, the inexistence of genotypes fitted to our climate and soil, and the unreliable natural pollination are some of the factors leading to the unstable production of kiwi.Better pollination and germination of pollen grains result in a higher of seed that are directly related to fruit weight. Therefore, pollination is one of the factors that have strong impact on productivity of a vine, and the producers are now investing in artificial pollination in order to make the yields more reliable.Many researchers have described the importance of the Effective Pollination Period and how pollination can affect the production. With this in mind, this research focused on determining when pollen was more fit to pollinate and germinate, and to develop a pollen extender formula that could boost the production. Germination assays performed demonstrated that pollen collected from early branches, from flowers on earlier stages of their development, present higher germination ratios (91%) and therefore have more capability to pollinate. The pollen also showed to be able to germinate and grow when female flowers were pollinated in vitro. Whereas fresh pollen may have higher germination ratios, properly stored pollen can maintain a high capability of germination (83%) and may even present better results when applied combined with hormones and a thickening agent.In order to optimize the artificial pollination, a new pollen extender formula was developed. The pollen extender containing 2,4-D + IBA (both at 1mg/L), carrageenan 0.5% (w/v) and 2 M sucrose gave interesting results increasing germination rates by 10% (92%) and showing a pollen tube length of around 1.4 mm.These results are promising and further tests on the field are necessary to verify whether this extender can be successfully applied.

Outro - PDR2020 and co-funded by FEADER, Portugal 2020, and by the research project ReNATURE (Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000007)

Dissertação de Mestrado em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia Vegetal apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

carragenanas, Actinidia deliciosa, pollen extender, in vitro, Polinização artificial, Carrageenan, Artificial pollination

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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