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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Simulation and Optimization of Stochastic Models in Physics with an Application to Economic Models

Authors: Conde, Manuel Gomes Cipriano Nabais;

Simulation and Optimization of Stochastic Models in Physics with an Application to Economic Models

Abstract

O objetivo desta tese é em entender como modelos do tipo de Ising podem ser usados para replicar o comportamento humano. Embora o comportamento humano seja altamente não-linear e difícil de prever, se o que desejamos modelar for simples e específico o suficiente, talvez seja possível explicar sua ocorrência matematicamente. O modelo de Ising fornece uma explicação para a ocorrência de ferromagnetismo, antiferromagnetismo e ferrimagnetismo em materiais. Todos estes materiais exibem magnetização espontânea na ausência de um campo magnético externo. Este modelo conseguiu explicar a formação de domínios magnéticos dentro dos materiais e a curva de histerese. A formação de domínios e a natureza escolástica do modelo são as características mais marcantes do modelo, que o tornaram aplicável a áreas além do magnetismo e até mesmo da física. Para qualquer sistema com uma variável binária, um número finito de agentes e vizinhos e que exiba qualquer tipo de comportamento de rebanho podem usar matemática muito semelhante à do modelo de Ising.O output gap é a variação do Produto Interno Bruto. A maneira como as pessoas olham para o seu crescimento influencia a economia, o que influencia a política monetária de um banco central. Essa percepção de crescimento (ou falta de crescimento) chama-se expectativas. Uma variação do modelo de Ising será usada para replicar a criação e difusão das expectativas do output numa sociedade modelada matematicamente. O objetivo final é entender o quão bem estes modelos reproduzem os ciclos económicos e a política monetária ótima adjacente.

The purpose of this thesis is to understand how the type of Ising model can be used to replicate human behavior. Even though the human behavior is highly non-linear and difficult to predict, if what we wish to model is simple and specific enough, it might be possible to explain its occurrence mathematically. The Ising model provides an explanation for the occurrence of ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism, and ferrimagnetism in materials. All these materials exhibit spontaneous magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field. This model managed to explain the formation of magnetic domains within materials and the hysteresis curve. Both the stochastic nature of physics and the formation of domains give the Ising model its distinctive feature, which has made this model applicable to various areas of knowledge outside Magnetism and even Physics. For any system with a binary variable, a finite number of agents and neighbours and exhibit any kind of herding behavior can use mathematics very similar to the Ising model.The output gap is understood as the variation of the Gross Domestic Product. The way people perceive its growth influences the economy, which then influences the monetary policy of a central bank. This perception of growth (or lack of growth) is called expectations. A variation of the Ising model will be used to replicate the creation and diffusion of expectations of the output gap on a model society. The final objective is to understand how accurate this class of models can simulate the optimal monetary policy of a central bank.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Física apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Complex systems, Macroeconomia, Sistemas Complexos, Economia Comportamental, Behavioral economics, Ising model, Macroeconomics, Modelo de Ising

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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