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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Alterações do Ritmo Circadiano na Doença de Alzheimer

Authors: Martins, Sara Marlene de Almeida;

Alterações do Ritmo Circadiano na Doença de Alzheimer

Abstract

Múltiplos processos vitais são influenciados pelo ritmo circadiano, gerado por um conjunto de relógios biológicos endógenos, sob o controlo do núcleo supraquiasmático. O sistema circadiano garante a manutenção da homeostasia, ao permitir que os organismos se adaptem em função dos estímulos externos. Considerando a importância da biologia circadiana na regulação da saúde do organismo depreende-se que, qualquer interrupção deste sistema pode afetar negativamente múltiplas funções fisiológicas, aumentando a suscetibilidade a diversas patologias. Nos últimos anos têm surgido diversos estudos que sugerem que os distúrbios circadianos estão na origem do curso das doenças neurodegenerativas, precedendo o declínio cognitivo e, contribuindo igualmente para a sua progressão. A presente monografia aborda os potenciais mecanismos que relacionam a disfunção do ritmo circadiano e as alterações do ciclo sono-vigília, com a progressão da doença de Alzheimer. A perturbação do sono parece facilitar a acumulação beta-amilóide, através da sua eliminação disfuncional, aumento da atividade sináptica e stress celular. Consequentemente, a patogénese da doença de Alzheimer pode comprometer as regiões cerebrais que modulam o ciclo sono-vigília e afetar os neurotransmissores implicados nos processos do sono, vinculando uma relação bidirecional.Serão ainda referidas as terapêuticas, atualmente disponíveis, que visam sincronizar os relógios biológicos, os resultados obtidos e os fatores que podem contribuir para as discrepâncias encontradas nos diferentes estudos.O conhecimento do cariz bidirecional que se estabelece entre a doença de Alzheimer e as alterações do sistema circadiano, em particular do ciclo sono-vigília, permite perspetivar a manipulação deste sistema para promover o envelhecimento cerebral saudável.

Multiple vital processes are influenced by circadian rhythm, wich is generated by a set of endogenous biological clocks, under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The circadian system ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by allowing organisms to adapt in function of external stimuli. Considering the importance of circadian biology in regulating the health of the organism, it can be concluded that any interruption of this system can adversely affect multiple physiological functions, as well as increasing the susceptibility to various pathologies.Increasing evidence suggest that circadian disorders are at the origin of the course of neurodegenerative diseases, preceding cognitive decline and also contributing to its progression.The present monograph discusses the potential mechanisms that relate circadian rhythm dysfunction and changes in the sleep-wake cycle with the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Sleep disturbance seems to facilitate beta-amyloid accumulation, through its dysfunctional elimination, increased synaptic activity and cellular stress. Consequently the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease may compromise the brain regions that modulate the sleep-wake cycle and affect the neurotransmitters involved in the sleep processes, linking a bidirectional relationship.The currently available therapeutics that aim to synchronize the biological clocks as well as, the results obtained and the factors that may contribute to the discrepancies found in the different studies will also be mentioned.The knowledge of the bidirectional nature that is established between Alzheimer's disease and the changes of the circadian system, in particular of the sleep-wake cycle, allows to prospect the manipulation of this system to promote healthy brain aging.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

circadian rhythm, doença de Alzheimer, ritmo circadiano, chronotherapy, clock genes, neurodegeneration, genes relógio, Alzheimer's disease, neurodegenerescência, cronoterapia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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