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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Neuroprotective effects of estradiol and its derivatives

Authors: Diogo, Inês Maria Monteiro;

Neuroprotective effects of estradiol and its derivatives

Abstract

O estradiol é uma hormona esteróide sexual feminina, responsável pela manutenção das várias características sexuais secundárias em mulheres e pela regulação do sistema reprodutor feminino. Recentemente, têm sido descobertos novos papeis do estradiol e dos seus derivados em vários tecidos do corpo humano, tanto em mulheres como em homens. O estradiol regula vários processos fisiológicos, incluindo processos no sistema nervoso central. O estradiol também é produzido no cérebro e possui efeitos através de uma grande diversidade de mecanismos. Vários destes mecanismos conduzem à expressão de genes ou à sinalização intracelular, que confere proteção contra vários tipos de agressões nas células neuronais, incluindo doenças neurodegenerativas. O estradiol e os derivados do estradiol demonstram efeitos neuroprotetores em modelos animais da doença de Alzheimer, através da inibição de vários mecanismos patológicos e indução de mecanismos neuroprotetores. O estradiol é eficaz na diminuição da expressão de β-secretase, enzima responsável pela formação de proteína β amiloide (Aβ), tal como aumentar a captação de Aβ pela microglia e aumentar a expressão de enzimas responsáveis pela degradação de Aβ. Estes são apenas alguns dos mecanismos pela qual o estradiol e derivados têm efeito neuroprotetor e deste modo, a administração de fármacos capazes de estimular as vias responsáveis por atividade estrogénica, poderá ser uma terapêutica alternativa para doentes com doença de Alzheimer. O DHED, é um pró-fármaco convertido em estradiol no cérebro e por isso tem efeito neuroprotetores sem causar efeitos sistémicos.

Estradiol is a female sex steroid hormone, responsible for the maintenance of various secondary sex characteristics in females and the regulation of the female reproductive system. Recently, new roles of estradiol and its derivatives have been discovered in various tissues of the human body, in both women and men. Estradiol regulates various physiological processes, including processes in the central nervous system. Estradiol is also produced in the brain and has its effects through a great diversity of mechanisms. Several of these mechanisms lead to gene expression or intracellular signalling, which confers protection against various types of neuronal cell injuries, including neurodegenerative diseases. Estradiol and its derivatives exhibit neuroprotective effects in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, by inhibiting various pathological mechanisms and inducing neuroprotective mechanisms. Estradiol is effective in inhibiting the expression of β-secretase, the enzyme responsible for the formation of amyloid β protein (Aβ), increasing uptake of Aβ by microglia and the expression of enzymes responsible for Aβ degradation. These are just some of the mechanisms by which estradiol and its derivatives have neuroprotective effects, and thus, the administration of drugs capable of stimulating pathways responsible for estrogenic activity may be an alternative therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease. DHED is a prodrug converted to estradiol in the brain and therefore has neuroprotective effect without systemic effects.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Estradiol, Estrogénios, Neuroproteção, Estrogens, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Neurodegeneração, Doença de Alzheimer, Neuroprotection

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green