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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Inibidores seletivos e não seletivos da fosfodiesterase no tratamento da DPOC

Authors: Fernandes, Diogo Miguel Pereira;

Inibidores seletivos e não seletivos da fosfodiesterase no tratamento da DPOC

Abstract

COPD is nowadays the world’s 4th cause of death with a prevision that in 2020 it becames the 3rd. In Portugal the estimated prevalence is 14,2%, leading to 8000 annual deaths. It is an important public health issue that requires a lot of health resources. COPD is characterized by a progressive and irreversible airflow limitation, with a combination of lung destruction and small airways obstruction. Inflammation is one of the major mechanisms that induce the disease and tobacco is the major and preventable cause. The main goal of the treatment is to maintain the disease stable, preventing exacerbations. There are a lot of drugs approved (ICS, LABA, LAMA, SABA, SAMA), including the PDE inhibitors, selective (Roflumilast) and non-selective (Theophylline). PDE’s hydrolyse intracellular cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP), into inactive 5′ monophosphates and they are found in a variety of inflammatory and structural cells. PDE’s inhibitors allow the elevation of cAMP and cGMP which lead to a variety of cellular effects including airway smooth muscle relaxation and inhibition of cellular inflammation. PDE4 inhibitors act by increasing intracelular concentrations of cAMP, associated with anti-inflammatory effects acting over various cells involved in COPD. The main goal of this study is to review the use of this type of drugs, their efficacy and safety, based only in clinical trials, obtained with a search in the PUBMED database. The data suggest that non-selective inhibitors (theophylline) are only used in a small group of patients (not a first-line option), and Roflumilast only shows efficacy and appears to be a reasonable treatment option to patients with very severe COPD, with frequent exacerbations and presence of chronic bronchitis, added to ICS + LABA or LAMA. It is not used alone in the stable disease and until now, the benefits in the quality of life remains undetermined. The safety profile is overall good, but the emesis and weight loss often leads to the discontinuation of the treatment. Safety and efficacy improvements should be attempted in new drug developments.

A DPOC é atualmente a 4ª causa de morte mundial, estimando-se que em 2020 possa ser a 3ª causa. Em Portugal tem uma prevalência de 14,2%, levando a cerca de 8000 mortes anuais. A DPOC é caracterizada por uma limitação progressiva e irreversível do fluxo aéreo, combinando a destruição do parênquima pulmonar, com a obstrução das vias aéreas, nomeadamente as de menor dimensão, sendo a inflamação um dos seus principais mecanismos e o tabaco a principal causa passível de prevenção. Com o tratamento pretende-se manter a doença estável, prevenindo as exacerbações. Estão aprovados diversos fármacos (ICS, LABA, LAMA, SABA, SAMA), onde se incluem os inibidores da PDE, seletivos (Roflumilast) e não seletivos (Teofilina). As PDE’s promovem a hidrólise dos nucleótidos cíclicos (cGMP e cAMP), nos seus 5-monofosfatos inativos, sendo encontradas em diversas células estruturais e inflamatórias. A sua inibição permite uma elevação das concentrações de cAMP e cGMP, com diversos efeitos, nomeadamente no relaxamento do músculo liso das vias aéreas e inibição da inflamação celular. Os inibidores da PDE4 atuam aumentando as concentrações intracelulares de cAMP, com efeitos anti-inflamatórios em diversas células envolvidas na DPOC. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi rever o papel deste tipo de fármacos no tratamento da DPOC, com ênfase na sua eficácia e segurança, tendo apenas por base ensaios clínicos obtidos através de uma pesquisa na PUBMED. Os inibidores não seletivos (Teofilina) não são a primeira opção para o tratamento e relativamente ao Roflumilast, apenas mostrou ser vantajoso no tratamento de doentes com DPOC muito severa, com exacerbações frequentes e com bronquite crónica, associado ao ICS + LABA ou LAMA, não mostrando benefícios claros na melhoria da qualidade de vida. A segurança do medicamento é globalmente boa, com alguns efeitos adversos frequentes, alguns deles responsáveis pela descontinuação do tratamento (emese e perda de peso), pelo que a investigação se deverá centrar na melhoria do perfil de segurança desta classe.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

PDE and PDE4 inhibitors, Ensaios clínicos, Roflumilast e Teofilina, Roflumilast and Theophylline, Segurança e eficácia, COPD, Clinical Trials, DPOC, Inibidores da PDE e PDE4, Efficacy and safety

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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