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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2017
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e gravidez

Authors: Rua, Inês dos Santos;

Diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e gravidez

Abstract

A diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM tipo 1) é uma doença metabólica crónica que apresenta uma incidência crescente e que pode estar presente em mulheres em idade fértil que pretendam engravidar. Assim, com este artigo pretendeu-se abordar a classificação, diagnóstico e fisiopatologia da DM tipo 1, quais as alterações e complicações associadas a esta patologia na gravidez e quais as estratégias utilizadas para o controlo e seguimento da gravidez na mulher com DM tipo 1. . Para isso fez-se pesquisa de artigos na PubMed e outro tipo de documentos, publicados entre 2006 e 2016, escritos em inglês ou português, e que abordassem o tema. .As adaptações do organismo materno à gravidez provocam alterações no equilíbrio metabólico da diabética, provocando um maior risco de hipoglicemia no primeiro trimestre e de hiperglicemia especialmente no terceiro trimestre. A gravidez na doente com diabetes implica maior risco de cetoacidose diabética, assim como possível agravamento das complicações da diabetes, retinopatia e nefropatia, e aumento do risco de complicações obstétricas, como abortamento espontâneo, pré-eclâmpsia, parto pré-termo e parto distócico. A presença da diabetes materna implica também um aumento do risco de complicações fetais, como malformações, distócia de ombros, ser grande para a idade gestacional, Apgar inferior a 7 aos 5 minutos, hipoglicemia neonatal e morte perinatal. . O seguimento da doente com DM tipo 1 deve ocorrer desde o período pré-concecional até ao período pós-parto em centro diferenciado. Durante todo este período pretende-se planear a gravidez, manter um bom controlo metabólico, tentando especialmente manter a normoglicemia de forma segura e diagnosticar e tratar atempadamente possíveis alterações ou complicações que surjam. .Com este artigo, concluiu-se que as mulheres com DM tipo 1, que não apresentem complicações graves da diabetes, podem engravidar se forem adequadamente acompanhadas e participarem ativamente no seu controlo metabólico.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic and metabolic disease whose incidence is rising. Fertile women can have this disease and may want to become pregnant. So, with this article, we wanted to discuss diabetes’s classification, diagnosis and physiopathology, complications during pregnancy associated with this disease and what are the strategies used in management of the pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes. . In order to do that, we have made a search for articles in Pubmed and also looked for other documents, all written between 2006 and 2016 in English or Portuguese and related with the topic. . The maternal body adaptations to pregnancy make changes on metabolic balance, improving the hypoglycaemia risk during the first trimester and the hyperglycaemia risk, in particular, during the third trimester. The pregnancy in these women increases the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis and progression of diabetic complication, such as retinopathy and nephropathy, and also raise the risk of obstetric complications, like miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, pre-term birth and obstructed labour. The presence of maternal diabetes also increases the risk of foetal complications, such as malformations, shoulder dystocia, being large for gestational age, Apgar less than 7 at 5 minutes, neonatal hypoglycaemia and perinatal death. . The management of the women with type 1 diabetes should be from preconception until postpartum and occur in a differentiated centre. During this all-time, the pregnancy should be planned, keeping a good glycaemic control, especially trying to maintain safely the glycaemia in the normal range, and diagnose and treat possible changes and complications. . We have concluded, with this article, that women with type 1 diabetes mellitus can get pregnant, if they haven’t serious complications of diabetes, if they are well followed and participate in their metabolic control actively.

Trabalho de Projeto do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Gravidez na Diabética, Diabetes Complications, Complicações da Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Pregnancy, Pregnancy in Diabetics, Gravidez, Diabetes Mellitus, Tipo 1

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green