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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2018
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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A Habitação Vernacular Beirã, A Arquitetura Bioclimática Do Passado Rural Português

Authors: Monteiro, Leandro Jose Paiva;

A Habitação Vernacular Beirã, A Arquitetura Bioclimática Do Passado Rural Português

Abstract

Numa época em que a eficiência energética ganha relevância na agenda global, e que o sector da construção representa um dos mais ativos setores da economia mundial, consumindo uma grande porção de energia, é pertinente ponderar uma estratégia que permita direcionar a arquitetura para um futuro mais eficiente. De facto, vários movimentos desta têm surgido neste âmbito, nomeadamente a bioclimática que defende que o edifício pode tirar partido dos fatores ambientais do local de implantação e através de medidas passivas reduzir os gastos energéticos.Este conceito, contudo, não é de todo recente, a habitação vernacular, como um dos mais significativos aspetos da humanização da paisagem, surge em grande diversidade tipológica no heterógeno território português. Esta é o resultado de uma adaptação, ao longo de gerações, do ser humano aos condicionalismos ambientais. Sem sistemas mecânicos de aquecimento ativo e materiais industrializados como o vidro e isolamento térmico, usa os condicionalismos impostos pelo clima em vantagem própria. Neste âmbito, a região da Beira Alta e Baixa, revela-se um estimável exemplo de diversidade vernacular e ambiental, apresentando alguns locais que se revelam um verdadeiro desafio de habitabilidade. Com base na caracterização dos aspetos territoriais e especificidades do clima da região e com especial enfoque na habitação vernacular de três localidades, Gralheira, Vilar Maior e Malpica do Tejo, o presente trabalho desenvolve uma análise às estratégias de climatização passiva das mesmas tendo como referência os princípios presentes na bioclimática. De forma a conseguir determinar e quantificar a eficiência destas estratégias, a pesquisa de campo, dados bibliográficos e do conhecimento popular, assim como o recurso a programas de análise da radiação solar, de avaliação do desempenho energético dos edifícios e de simulação do comportamento térmico revelaram-se cruciais.

In an era where energy efficiency is becoming a critical issue in global agenda, and the construction sector stands as one of the most active of the world economy, consuming a large share of energy, it is relevant to consider a strategy that allows architecture to steer towards a more efficient future. In fact, several of movements have emerged in this area, namely the bioclimatic, a concept claiming that the building can use the environmental factors of the local of implantation in its benefit, through passive measures, to reduce the energy expenses.This concept, however, is not at all recent, vernacular housing, as one of the most significant aspects of landscape humanization, arises in great typological diversity in the heterogenous Portuguese territory. This is the result of people’s adaptation, over generations, to the environmental constraints. Lacking active mechanical heating systems and industrialized materials, such as glass and thermal insulation, this architecture uses the climate constraints in its advantage.In this context, the region of Beira Alta and Baixa, appears as a great example of vernacular and environmental diversity, presenting some places that prove to be a real challenge of habitability. Based on the characterization of the territorial aspects and specifics of region’s climate, focusing particularly on vernacular housing of three places, Gralheira, Vilar Maior and Malpica do Tejo, the present work develops an analysis of the passive strategies inherent to these ones, in reference with the Bioclimatic principles. To determinate and quantify the efficiency of those strategies, the field research, bibliographic data and popular knowledge, as well as the use of solar radiation analysis, energy performance evaluation of buildings and simulation of thermal behavior programs were essential.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Arquitetura Vernacular, Malpica, Vernacular Architecture, Bioclimática, Gralheira, Bioclimatic, Vilar Maior

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green